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intensive quenching
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007010
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... Abstract Intensive quenching (IQ) is an alternative method of hardening steel parts. Two types of IQ methods are used in heat treating practice: IQ-2 and IQ-3. IQ-2 is implemented in IQ water tanks, which are usually used for batch quenching of steel parts. IQ-3 is conducted in single-part...
Abstract
Intensive quenching (IQ) is an alternative method of hardening steel parts. Two types of IQ methods are used in heat treating practice: IQ-2 and IQ-3. IQ-2 is implemented in IQ water tanks, which are usually used for batch quenching of steel parts. IQ-3 is conducted in single-part processing using high-velocity water flow IQ units. This article presents a detailed description of IQ technology, related equipment, and IQ applications. A review of intensive quench system design and processing is provided, including numerical design criteria, steel selection, quenchants, properties (especially optimal residual stress profiles). Several specific applications of intensive quenching are also provided.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005774
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract Intensive quenching (IQ) is an alternative method of hardening steel parts, providing extremely high cooling rates within the martensite-phase formation temperature range. This article begins with the description on the general correlation between steel mechanical properties...
Abstract
Intensive quenching (IQ) is an alternative method of hardening steel parts, providing extremely high cooling rates within the martensite-phase formation temperature range. This article begins with the description on the general correlation between steel mechanical properties and cooling rate during IQ. It presents a review of batch intensive quenching (IQ-2) methods and single-part intensive quenching (IQ-3) methods as well as practical applications of these methods. The article provides useful information on the effect of heat flow on cooling in these methods, and discusses the improvements achieved in part microstructure, mechanical properties, and stress conditions of steel, after intensive quenching. It also describes the reasons for part distortion in IQ, and reviews the types of quench systems used in IQ-2 and IQ-3 processes.
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Published: 01 August 2013
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 3 Temperature and structural conditions during intensive quenching of 25 mm (1 in.) diameter rod made of 1045 steel
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 7 Typical cooling curves at surface and core during intensive quenching processes (IQ-2 and IQ-3). Ac 3 , austenitizing temperature; T s , quenchant saturation temperature (100 °C, or 212 °F); T m , water or water/salt solution temperature (usually 20 °C, or 68 °F)
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 15 Batch-type intensive quenching (IQ) system with stand-alone IQ water tank. Courtesy, Akron Steel Heat Treating Co.
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 16 Integral quench atmosphere furnace equipped with intensive quenching water tank. Source: Reprinted from Ref 3 with permission of ASTM International
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 17 Schematic of continuous-type intensive quenching system. I, loading point for steel parts onto the conveyor for heating in furnace HT1; II, chute with intensive cooling devices; III, quenching tank with two conveyors; IV, unloading point of steel parts from furnace HT2; TR1 to TR5
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 18 Layout of typical single-part intensive quenching system. 1, water tank; 2, water pump; 3, stationary upper section of vertical quench chamber; 4, movable loading lower section of quench chamber; 5, air cylinders that move lower section up and down; 6, part to be quenched; 7 and 8, two
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 19 Single-part production intensive quenching system for processing helicopter gears up to 200 by 480 mm (8 by 19 in.) diameter. Source: Ref 25
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 20 Single-part production intensive quenching system for processing long shafts up to 50 mm (2 in.) diameter and 915 mm (36 in.) long. Source: Ref 25
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Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 9 Temperature and structural conditions during intensive quenching of a 25 mm (1 in.) diameter rod made of 1045 steel. Adapted from Ref 12
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Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 20 Layout of typical single-part intensive quenching system. 1, water tank; 2, water pump; 3, stationary upper section of vertical quench chamber; 4, movable loading lower section of quench chamber; 5, air cylinders that move lower section up and down; 6, part to be quenched; 7-8, two
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007003
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... polymer quenchant performance. The article details the use of polymer quenchants for intensive quenching and then focuses on the wire patenting processes and polymer quenchant analysis. The article presents the application of polymer quenchants for induction hardening. Finally, it provides details...
Abstract
This article presents the fundamentals and nomenclature of polymer quenchants and provides a detailed discussion on the polymers used for quenching formulation. The article describes the effect of polymer structure on the quenching mechanism. It also presents the factors affecting polymer quenchant performance. The article details the use of polymer quenchants for intensive quenching and then focuses on the wire patenting processes and polymer quenchant analysis. The article presents the application of polymer quenchants for induction hardening. Finally, it provides details on cooling curve analysis of polymer quenchants.
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 2 General correlation between steel mechanical properties and cooling rate during quenching. IQ, intensive quenching. Source: Ref 4
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 5 Distribution of residual hoop stresses in 25 mm (1 in.) diameter rod made of 1045 steel after intensive quenching and after quenching in oil
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Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 11 Distribution of residual hoop stresses in 25mm (1 in.) diameter rod made of 1045 steel after intensive quenching and oil quenching. Adapted from Ref 12
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 8 Microstructure for 19 mm (0.75 in.) diameter rod made of 1045 steel after (a) intensive quenching and (b) oil quenching. Original magnification: 250×. Source: Ref 16
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in Modeling and Simulation of Steel Heat Treatment—Prediction of Microstructure, Distortion, Residual Stresses, and Cracking
> Steel Heat Treating Technologies
Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 6 Cross section contour map of residual stress in single-tooth bending in unloaded and loaded conditions. (a) Oil-quenched gear. (b) Intensive-quenched gear. Source: Ref 78
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in Modeling and Simulation of Steel Heat Treatment—Prediction of Microstructure, Distortion, Residual Stresses, and Cracking
> Steel Heat Treating Technologies
Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 10 Local heat transfer coefficient values on the surface of the gear (a) at beginning, and (b) at end of intensive quenching process. (c) Generation of warping distortion at different times during quenching. CFD, computational fluid dynamics. Source: Ref 108
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