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Book Chapter

By S. Shanmugham, P.K. Liaw
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002363
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... emission techniques, ultrasonic methods, eddy current techniques, infrared techniques, exoelectron methods, and gamma radiography. The article explains the microscopy methods used to determine fatigue crack initiation and propagation. These include electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic...
Book Chapter

By Curtis Marcott
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006662
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... and accessories necessary in obtaining the infrared spectrum of a material are then discussed. The article presents various techniques and methods involved in IR qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. It ends with a few examples of the applications of IR spectroscopy. infrared spectroscopy...
Book Chapter

By Curtis Marcott
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001735
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... Abstract Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a useful technique for characterizing materials and providing information on the molecular structure, dynamics, and environment of a compound. This article provides the basic principles and instrumentation of IR spectroscopy. It discusses the sampling...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003239
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... be classified as contact thermographic methods using cholesteric liquid crystals, thermally quenched phosphors, and heat-sensitive paints, and noncontact techniques using hand-held infrared scanners, high-resolution infrared imaging systems, and thermal wave interferometer systems. Contact thermometric...
Book Chapter

By Stephen D. Holland
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006444
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... Abstract Vibrothermography, also known as sonic thermography, sonic infrared (IR), thermosonics, and vibroacoustic thermography, is a nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique for finding cracks and delaminations through vibration-induced heating. This article describes the four parts...
Book Chapter

By David Backman
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006451
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... Abstract Thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA) an increasingly popular infrared (IR)-based technique for measuring stress on the surface of a part subjected to time-varying loads. This article begins by providing a theoretical and historical background of thermoelastic stress analysis...
Book Chapter

By Thomas H. North, Geetha Ramarathnam
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001469
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... method. The techniques are hot-tool, hot-gas, extrusion, focused infrared, laser, friction, vibration, spin, ultrasonic, and electromagnetic welding techniques (resistance, induction, dielectric, and microwave welding). The article concludes with a discussion on welding evaluation methods...
Book Chapter

By Phil Zarrow
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001395
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
..., namely, vapor-phase reflow, area conduction, and infrared heating. These three techniques are considered as mass reflow techniques, because all of the solderable interconnections on the surface of a printed wiring board (PWB) assembly are brought through the reflow heating cycle simultaneously...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006933
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... Abstract This article reviews analytical techniques that are most often used in plastic component failure analysis. The description of the techniques is intended to familiarize the reader with the general principles and benefits of the methodologies, namely Fourier transform infrared...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003710
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... that are expected to be primarily inorganic in nature, EDS, AES, XPS, ISS, SIMS and EXAFS generally are suitable techniques. However, for corrosion inhibitor films that are primarily organic in nature, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman or surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), SIMS, ISS...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003525
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article reviews the analytical techniques most commonly used in plastic component failure analysis. These include the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, thermomechanical analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis...
Book Chapter

By Chad Brown, David Hukill
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006931
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... Abstract This article presents tools, techniques, and procedures that engineers and material scientists can use to investigate plastic part failures. It also provides a brief survey of polymer systems and the key properties that need to be measured during failure analysis. It describes...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003021
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Applications Extrusion welding is primarily used for producing long seams in thick-section polyolefin components. This joining technique is particularly useful when welding large container sections. Focused Infrared Welding Focused infrared (IR) welding uses a quartz lamp and focuses IR radiation...
Image
Published: 15 December 2019
Fig. 1 Flow charts of common techniques for characterization of glasses and ceramics. AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry; AES, Auger electron spectroscopy; EPMA, electron probe x-ray microanalysis; FTIR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; IA, image analysis; IC, ion chromatography; ICP More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003657
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... of copper) between the UT gun and the sample to minimize surface damage while maintaining good mechanical coupling. The appropriate choice of the coupling agent will determine if this technique is truly nondestructive and how much energy couples into the part being inspected. The infrared camera used in all...
Image
Published: 30 June 2023
Fig. 16 General performance capabilities/limitations of current in-process nondestructive testing techniques. TRL, technology readiness level; IR, infrared More
Image
Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 11 Attenuated total reflectance attachment used when performing infrared spectroscopic analysis reflectance technique. Courtesy of KTA-Tator, Inc. More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006652
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... spectroscopy; XRS: x-ray spectrometry Fig. 2 Flow charts of common techniques for characterization of organic liquids. EFG: elemental and functional group analysis; ESR: electron spin resonance; FTIR: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; GC: gas chromatography; GC/MS: gas chromatography/mass...
Book Chapter

By Patricia L. Stumpff
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003462
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... the component Verification of the resin and adhesive systems is usually conducted using a technique known as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Each resin or adhesive used in the composite exhibits a unique infrared spectrum, as depicted in Fig. 4 . The spectrum obtained for the resin...
Image
Published: 15 December 2019
Fig. 2 Images of polystyrene (PS)/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) block copolymer, a sample used to gage the performance of nanoinfrared techniques. Photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM) spectra correlate with the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra quite nicely. By tuning the excitation More