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inertia friction welding
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 2 Inertia friction welding relies on a finite amount of stored energy and axial pressure to transfer energy to the common interface. First, one workpiece is rotated while the other is held stationary. The inertial mass is accelerated to a preselected speed. The two workpieces are brought
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005596
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... Abstract This article provides information on the practice considerations for the inertia and direct-drive rotary friction welding processes. It presents the tooling and welding parameter designs of these processes. The article discusses the welding of different material family classes...
Abstract
This article provides information on the practice considerations for the inertia and direct-drive rotary friction welding processes. It presents the tooling and welding parameter designs of these processes. The article discusses the welding of different material family classes to provide a baseline for initial development of a welding parameter set. Common material family classes, including steels, nonferrous metals, and dissimilar metals, are discussed.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001447
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... considerations for the two most common variations: inertia welding and direct-drive friction welding. Direct-drive friction welding differs from inertia welding, primarily in how the energy is delivered to the joint. The article discusses the parameter calculations for inertia welding and direct-drive friction...
Abstract
Friction welding (FRW) is a solid-state welding process that uses the compressive force of the workpieces that are rotating or moving relative to one another, producing heat and plastically displacing material from the faying surfaces to create a weld. This article reviews practice considerations for the two most common variations: inertia welding and direct-drive friction welding. Direct-drive friction welding differs from inertia welding, primarily in how the energy is delivered to the joint. The article discusses the parameter calculations for inertia welding and direct-drive friction welding. It provides information on friction welding of carbon steels, stainless steels, aluminum-base alloys, and copper-, nickel-, and cobalt-base materials.
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in Selection and Weldability of Dispersion-Strengthened Aluminum Alloys
> Welding, Brazing, and Soldering
Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 9 Light micrographs of an inertia-friction weld in AA8009 alloy produced using high axial force. (a) Center. (b) Outer periphery. (c) Corresponding Knoop hardness traverse. Source: Ref 9
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Image
Published: 01 November 2010
Fig. 3 Dissimilar steel inertia friction weld of SCMV against Aermet 100. (a) Macrograph. (b) Micrograph showing the microstructural variations across the weld revealed by using a color etch. HAZ, heat-affected zone; TMAZ, thermomechanically affected zone. Source: Ref 31
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005515
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... Abstract Friction welding is based on the rapid introduction of heat, causing the temperature at the interface to rise sharply and leading to local softening. This article illustrates the basic principles of direct-drive rotational friction welding and inertia friction welding. Modeling...
Abstract
Friction welding is based on the rapid introduction of heat, causing the temperature at the interface to rise sharply and leading to local softening. This article illustrates the basic principles of direct-drive rotational friction welding and inertia friction welding. Modeling the effective friction response of the materials is central to simulating the welding process. The article discusses a series of distinct frictional stages during continuous drive friction welding. Modeling of the evolution of the thermal field has been an important objective since the early days of rotational friction welding. The article describes analytical thermal models and numerical thermal models for rotational friction welding. It concludes with information on the modeling of residual stresses.
Image
Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 8 Metallographic cross section of an inertia-drive friction welding joint between vanadium and a 21-6-9 stainless steel. Note the excellent weld quality at the interface. (a) Weld interface with no σ-phase growth. (b) Weld interface with σ-phase growth (indicated by “S”) and a solid
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005578
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
.... The American Welding Society categorizes two basic variations of rotary friction welding as direct-drive friction welding (also commonly referred to as continuous-drive friction welding) and inertia friction welding (also commonly referred to as stored energy friction welding). Both methods employ high...
Abstract
This article lists the system parameters of the friction welding process and describes the four categories of monitoring and control of the manufacturing process. It discusses the monitoring methods of a rotary friction welded sample, for determining in-process quality of ferrous alloys, and dissimilar metals using acoustic emission. The article reviews the feasibility of detecting the presence of ferrite during microstructural evolution of friction welding of three austenitic stainless steels: 310, 304, and 255. It also explains the in-process quality control of friction welding.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001349
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Friction welding (FRW) is a solid-state welding process in which the heat for welding is produced by the relative motion of the two interfaces being joined. This article describes two principal FRW methods: direct-drive welding and inertia-drive welding. The direct-drive FRW uses...
Abstract
Friction welding (FRW) is a solid-state welding process in which the heat for welding is produced by the relative motion of the two interfaces being joined. This article describes two principal FRW methods: direct-drive welding and inertia-drive welding. The direct-drive FRW uses a motor running at constant speed to input energy to the weld. The inertia-drive FRW uses the energy stored in a flywheel to input energy to the weld. The article summarizes some of the metals that have been joined by FRW and discusses the metallurgical considerations that govern the properties of the resulting weld. It also presents a schematic illustration of the effect of welding parameters on the finished weld nugget obtained when similar metals are welded using inertia-drive FRW equipment.
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Published: 01 November 2010
Fig. 2 Process characteristics of typical (a) direct-drive rotational friction-welding and (b) inertia friction-welding processes
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Published: 01 November 2010
Fig. 1 Principle of rotational friction welding. (a) Schemati. (b) Jaws of a commercial inertia friction welding machine designed for joining aeroengine turbine disks
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 7 The acoustic signature and machine data from a 304 stainless steel alloy inertia friction weld. The majority of the acoustic energy occurred at the beginning and end of the weld, with a quiet portion in between.
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Image
Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 6 The acoustic signature and machine data from a 255 dual-phase stainless steel alloy inertia friction weld. Most of the acoustic energy occurred during initial contact. The weld was relatively quiet thereafter.
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005575
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... welding and inertia-drive welding. It summarizes the similar and dissimilar metals that can be joined by FRW and discusses the metallurgical considerations that govern the properties of the resulting weld. direct-drive welding dissimilar metal joining friction heating friction welding inertia...
Abstract
Friction welding (FRW) is a solid-state welding process in which the heat for welding is produced by the relative motion of the two interfaces being joined. This article provides an outline of the mechanisms of friction heating and discusses the two principal FRW methods: direct-drive welding and inertia-drive welding. It summarizes the similar and dissimilar metals that can be joined by FRW and discusses the metallurgical considerations that govern the properties of the resulting weld.
Image
Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 8 The acoustic signature and machine data from a 310 stainless steel alloy inertia friction weld. The 310 stainless steel alloy generated the most acoustic energy of the three alloys. Unlike the 304 stainless steel alloy, this material exhibited a relatively loud burst of energy
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Image
Published: 01 November 2010
Fig. 4 Variation in 0.2% proof stress across the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) of three inertia-friction-welded nickel-base superalloys in the as-welded condition. The measurements were made on cross-weld samples using electron speckle pattern
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001419
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
..., and vacuum brazing of these alloys ( Ref 15 ). The RS-P/M aluminum-base alloys characterized by a higher residual hydrogen content (>1 mL/100 g of aluminum) will require the use of solid-state welding methods such as conventional friction welding, inertia friction welding, or linear friction welding...
Abstract
Conventional high-strength aluminum alloys produced via powder metallurgy (P/M) technologies, namely, rapid solidification (RS) and mechanical alloying (mechanical attrition) have high strength at room temperature and elevated temperature. This article focuses on the metallurgy and weldability of dispersion-strengthened aluminum alloys based on the aluminum-iron system that are produced using various RS-P/M processing techniques. It describes weldability issues related to weld solidification behavior, the formation of hydrogen-induced porosity in the weld zone, and the high-temperature deformation behavior of these alloys, which affect the selection and application of fusion and solid-state welding processes. The article provides specific examples of material responses to welding conditions and highlights the microstructural development in the weld zone.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001367
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... friction welds, which are also solid-state welds. The amount of deformation is usually less for upset welds, and the deformation can be more precisely controlled using upset welding. For example, a pipe butt weld made using inertia friction welding will have a large upset on both the inside and outside...
Abstract
Upset welding (UW) is a resistance welding process utilizing both heat and deformation to form a weld. A wide variety of shapes and materials can be joined using upset welding in either a single-pulse or continuous mode. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of upset welding, as well as the types of welds. The advantages include speed, ease of control, fewer defects, enhanced weld properties, simplicity of equipment, less-strict composition requirements, and ability to join difficult-to-weld materials. The article reviews the role of a homopolar generator as an alternative method for supplying the electrical current for upset welding.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001381
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Friction welding (FRW) can be divided into two major process variations: direct-drive or continuous-drive FRW and inertia-drive FRW. This article describes direct-drive FRW variables such as rotational speed, duration of rotation, and axial force and inertia-drive FRW variables...
Abstract
Friction welding (FRW) can be divided into two major process variations: direct-drive or continuous-drive FRW and inertia-drive FRW. This article describes direct-drive FRW variables such as rotational speed, duration of rotation, and axial force and inertia-drive FRW variables such as flywheel mass, rotational speed, and axial force. It lists the advantages and limitations of FRW and provides a brief description on categories of applications of FRW such as batch and jobbing work and mass production. A table of process parameters of direct-drive FRW systems relative to inertia-drive FRW systems is also provided.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003209
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
..., there is no evidence in the finished weld because the metal is worked during the welding stage. There are two methods of joining workpieces by FRW: continuous-drive FRW and inertia-drive FRW. More recently, radial friction machines have been introduced for joining hollow sections (pipe and tube). Process...
Abstract
This article describes the mechanism, advantages and disadvantages, fundamentals, capabilities, variations, equipment used, and weldability of metals in solid-state welding processes, including diffusion bonding, explosion welding, friction welding, ultrasonic welding, upset welding, and deformation welding.
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