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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005924
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... Abstract Induction heating has many different applications, such as melting, heating stock for forging, and heat treating. This article begins with a discussion on the types of power supplies, namely, solid-state power supplies and oscillator tubes. It provides information on system elements...
Abstract
Induction heating has many different applications, such as melting, heating stock for forging, and heat treating. This article begins with a discussion on the types of power supplies, namely, solid-state power supplies and oscillator tubes. It provides information on system elements, including cooling systems, power supplies, heat stations, work handling fixtures, induction or work coils, and quench systems. The article discusses the influence of system elements on induction heat treating system design. It also deals with the general theory, types, and applications of induction coils.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005850
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... heating coils power supplies programmable logic controllers quenching MAINTENANCE OF INDUCTION heating systems has long been ignored due to the assumption that “everything is fine as long as good workpieces are produced.” However, there are high costs associated with ignoring routine, scheduled...
Abstract
Hardness testing equipment is important as all results from the induction equipment are graded by the hardness testing equipment. This article includes maintenance tips and points to consider regarding hardness test equipment, power supplies, controls, programmable logic controllers, computer systems, water cooling systems, fixtures and machines, air-operated or pneumatic devices, coils, and quench systems. It also presents simple rules that need to be applied while moving the equipment from one location to another.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005838
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... transistors metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors soldering switches HEAT TREATING, BRAZING, AND SOLDERING induction power supplies are special power supplies that are designed to deliver power to the highly inductive loads associated with induction heating. These power supplies sometimes...
Abstract
This article provides a brief description of load conditions for single-shot heat treating, vertical scanning, and brazing and soldering. It discusses the various power components used in power supplies. These include capacitors, integrated power module, transformers, and various switching devices, namely, silicon-controlled rectifiers, insulated-gate bipolar transistors, and metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors. The article also provides information on frequency-multiplication harmonic-induction power supplies, namely, push-pull and half-bridge inverters and full-bridge inverters. Series resonant and parallel resonant circuits and their tuning calculations associated with output networks are also discussed. The article describes the frequency range of simultaneous dual-frequency induction heating power supply, and discusses the advantages, applications, and technical background of independently controlled frequency and power (IFP) induction heating power supply. It concludes with a description of the developments in control systems for modern induction power supplies.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005839
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... Abstract This article provides information on single-shot and scanning, the two types of induction heat treating processes that are based on whether the induction coil is moving relative to the part during the heating process. It describes the effect of the frequency of induction heating...
Abstract
This article provides information on single-shot and scanning, the two types of induction heat treating processes that are based on whether the induction coil is moving relative to the part during the heating process. It describes the effect of the frequency of induction heating current on the induction coil and process design, and the control of heating in different areas of the inductor part. The article reviews three main tools for adjustment of coil design and fabrication: coupling gap, coil copper profile, and magnetic flux controllers. It examines the method of holding a part and presenting it to the inductor during the initial inductor design. The article provides information on coil leads/busswork and contacts that mechanically and electrically connect the induction coil head to the power supply. It concludes with a discussion on flux and oxide removal, leak and flow checking, silver plating, and electrical parameter measurement.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005533
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... Abstract This article describes the applications of induction heat treatment of metals, including normalizing, annealing, hardening, and tempering and stress relieving. It discusses the simulation techniques of the electromagnetic and thermal processes that occur during induction heat treating...
Abstract
This article describes the applications of induction heat treatment of metals, including normalizing, annealing, hardening, and tempering and stress relieving. It discusses the simulation techniques of the electromagnetic and thermal processes that occur during induction heat treating. The article explains the finite-difference method, finite-element method, mutual impedance method, and boundary-element method for the numerical computation of the induction heat treating processes. It also discusses the direct and indirect coupling approaches for coupling the electromagnetic and heat-transfer problems. Modern computer simulation techniques are capable of effectively simulating electromagnetic and thermal phenomena for many processes that involve electromagnetic induction. The article considers the challenges faced by developers of modern simulation software.
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Published: 30 September 2014
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in Fundamentals and General Aspects of Power Supply Design for Induction Heating, Heat Treating, Welding, and Melting
> Induction Heating and Heat Treatment
Published: 09 June 2014
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in Design and Fabrication of Inductors for Induction Heat Treating
> Induction Heating and Heat Treatment
Published: 09 June 2014
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Published: 01 November 2010
Fig. 4 Variety of inductors for various induction heat treating applications. Courtesy of Inductoheat, Inc.
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005836
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... and metallurgical properties. Figure 1 shows an induction heat treating application to anneal threads. Fig. 1 Induction heat treating application to anneal threads The induction heating application is comprised of four main “building blocks” ( Fig. 2 ): the induction power supply, the induction heat...
Abstract
This article reviews the performance of power electronics components, namely, power rectifiers, insulated-gate bipolar transistors, metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors, diodes, and silicon-controlled rectifiers. It provides information on induction heating power supplies with multiple heat stations, such as switching units and multiple (zone) outputs. The article describes power supply operational control and power supply protection circuits. It details duty cycle, power factor, and harmonics of power supplies. The article also describes system parameters, software analysis-calculations, human analysis-decisions, multiple system arrangements, and zone control systems for power supply selection. It provides information on the maintenance of induction power supplies, detailing the safety precautions to be taken and the need for routine inspection and servicing.
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Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 2 Induction heat treat power supply basic diagram. ac, alternating current; dc, direct current. Source: Ref 8
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in Temperature Requirements for Heating Super Alloys and Stainless Steels
> Induction Heating and Heat Treatment
Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 1 Schematic of the induction heat treatment process for locally heat treating the rim region of nickel-base rotors used in turbine engines, where (a) shows the induction coils (40), graphite susceptors (36), and cooling fixtures (42), and (b) shows an example nickel base rotor with local
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Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 12 (a) Sketch of the induction system for heat treating the end of a steel pipe. RHL, required heated length. (b) Magnetic field distribution when steel is below the Curie temperature
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Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 21 Continuous-fed induction system for heat treating fasteners. Source: Ref 27 . Courtesy of Radyne Corp.
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005868
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... Abstract Induction heat treating is used in the off-road machinery industry for hardening steel and cast iron components used in a wide range of applications. This article focuses on the usage of induction hardening components in the industry, and discusses the basic requirements of steel...
Abstract
Induction heat treating is used in the off-road machinery industry for hardening steel and cast iron components used in a wide range of applications. This article focuses on the usage of induction hardening components in the industry, and discusses the basic requirements of steel and cast iron to undergo induction hardening. It provides a comparison on single-shot and scan hardening methods to select the suitable one for induction heat treating of gears and sprockets. The article describes the effect of microstructure, residual stress, and workpiece position on induction hardening. It concludes with a discussion on the important factors to be considered during the installation of off-road machinery components.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005846
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
.... The article also describes the benefits of the flux controllers for induction heat treating processes such as single-shot and scanning. channel type furnaces continuous induction tube welding cooling crucible furnaces induction coils induction melting inductor crucible cold furnaces magnetic flux...
Abstract
Magnetic flux controllers are materials other than the copper coil that are used in induction systems to alter the flow of the magnetic field. This article describes the effects of magnetic flux controllers on common coil styles, namely, outer diameter coils, inner diameter coils, and linear coils. It provides information on the role of magnetic flux controllers for whole-body and local area mass-heating applications, continuous induction tube welding, seam-annealing inductors, and various induction melting systems, namely, channel-type, crucible-type, and cold crucible systems. The article also describes the benefits of the flux controllers for induction heat treating processes such as single-shot and scanning.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005834
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
..., heat treating, melting, joining (welding, brazing/soldering, and shrink fitting), coating, paint curing, adhesive bonding, and zone refining of semiconductors. The article also discusses the advantages of induction heating. coating electromagnetic induction induction coil induction hardening...
Abstract
Electromagnetic induction is a way to heat electrically conductive materials such as metals. This article provides a brief history of electromagnetic induction and the development of induction heating technology. It explores various applications such as heating prior to metalworking, heat treating, melting, joining (welding, brazing/soldering, and shrink fitting), coating, paint curing, adhesive bonding, and zone refining of semiconductors. The article also discusses the advantages of induction heating.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005848
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... Abstract Controlled atmosphere chambers are used to control the surface chemistry of the metals that are being processed. This article focuses on the various types of controlled atmospheres used in induction heat treating and brazing, namely, inert gas atmospheres based on argon and helium...
Abstract
Controlled atmosphere chambers are used to control the surface chemistry of the metals that are being processed. This article focuses on the various types of controlled atmospheres used in induction heat treating and brazing, namely, inert gas atmospheres based on argon and helium; prepared and commercial nitrogen-base atmospheres; and brazing atmospheres. It provides detailed information on two types of controlled atmosphere chambers: atmosphere and vacuum. The article also describes the selection factors, advantages, and disadvantages of these chambers.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005862
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
..., on quenching. It also describes various quenching methods for steel induction heat treating, namely, spray quenching, immersion quenching, self or mass quenching, and forced air quenching. The article also reviews quench system design and quenchants and their maintenance. brine quenching induction...
Abstract
Induction heating for hardening of steels has advantages from the standpoint of quenching because parts are individually processed in a controlled manner. This article provides information on the effect of agitation, temperature, hardening, residual stresses, and quenching media, on quenching. It also describes various quenching methods for steel induction heat treating, namely, spray quenching, immersion quenching, self or mass quenching, and forced air quenching. The article also reviews quench system design and quenchants and their maintenance.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005859
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... Abstract This article focuses on induction hardening process for heat treating operations specifically designed to result in proper microstructure/property combinations in either localized or in the final parts. It briefly reviews the heat treating basics for conventional heat treating...
Abstract
This article focuses on induction hardening process for heat treating operations specifically designed to result in proper microstructure/property combinations in either localized or in the final parts. It briefly reviews the heat treating basics for conventional heat treating operations of steels with iron-carbon phase and transformation diagrams. The article provides a summary of the important temperatures, definitions, and microstructural constituents associated with heat-treated steels. Basic transformation characteristics of heat-treated steels are reviewed. The article also discusses the various aspects of steel heat treatment by induction processing, and concludes with a description of steel alloys for induction processing.
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