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Fig. 6 Increase in the range of values within a subset (increase in R ). Values of X ¯ remain the same. More

Fig. 12 Increase in combined carbon with increase in austenitizing temperature for gray iron. Specimens were furnace heated and water quenched. Combined carbon by difference More

Fig. 15 Increase in creep-rupture life with increase in V f of fine γ′, demonstrated in a columnar-grain, directionally solidified nickel-base superalloy, PWA 1422 (variant of MarM-200, with hafnium addition) More

Fig. 3 Increase in combined carbon with increase in austenitizing temperature for gray iron. Specimens were furnace heated and water quenched. More

Fig. 13 Increase in combined carbon with increase in austenitizing temperature for gray iron. Specimens were furnace heated and water quenched. More

Fig. 36 Increase in combined carbon with increase in austenitizing temperature for gray iron. Specimens were furnace heated and water quenched. Combined carbon by difference More

Fig. 8 Ways to increase inspection interval. (a) Base case. (b) Use of better material. (c) Use of more sensitive inspection method. (d) (Detail) design with lower stress. (e) Redundancy (fail-safe) or crack arresters. Here, H is the safety limit that is taken to be twice the inspection More

Fig. 21 Volume increase of steels 90MnV8 and 145CrV6 as a function of austenitization temperature and specimen dimensions More

Fig. 12 Ways to increase inspection interval. (a) Base case. (b) Use of better material. (c) Use of more sensitive inspection method. (d) (Detail) design with lower stress. (e) Redundancy (fail-safe) or crack arresters More

Fig. 10 (a) The decrease in fracture strain with increase of volume percent of micron-size intermetallic particles for a super-purity aluminum matrix and an Al-4Mg matrix. (b) A comparison of high-purity 7050 aluminum sheet, 7475 sheet, and a 7 xxx -series aluminum alloy. Tear strength More

Fig. 2 Increase of number of cracks for [0°/90°/±45°] s laminate subjected to static loading More

Fig. 3 Increase of number of cracks for [0°/90°/±45°] s laminate subjected to fatigue loading More

Fig. 1 Schematic (a) showing equal increase in lengths of line (average strain) created by a sharp gradient (dashed line) and a relatively flat gradient (solid line). Schematic (b) showing how a sharp strain gradient (dashed curve) concentrating deformation in a narrow band can vary radically More

Fig. 18 Calculated increase in fatigue life predicted by the modification of residual stresses (RS) in the weld. Note that an order of magnitude or more increase in fatigue life is predicted due to the presence of compressive stress near the root of the weld. Source: Ref 49 More

Fig. 48 Increase in strain ε 1 , and decrease in die contact pressure P on a surface element as it moves from the web into the rib section of the extrusion forging shown in Fig. 47 . More

Fig. 11 Schematic of ledge tool, which is designed to increase productivity during the high-throughput machining of titanium. (a) Ledge tool mounted on a conventional toolholder. (b) A turning operation using a ledge tool. Source: Ref 27 More

Fig. 33 Pedal lever that was edge bent to save metal and to increase the strength of the part. Dimensions given in inches More

Fig. 51 Press-formed truck-frame member that was notched and spread to increase flange width locally and therefore save material in blanking. Dimensions given in inches More

Fig. 6 Increase in recycling of aluminum UBCs from 1978 to 1988. The calculation for the number of cans collected is based on a can weight survey conducted by the Aluminum Association. More

Fig. 130 Increase in surface compressive residual stresses in a case-carburized 16MnCr5 steel (2 mm, or 0.08 in. case depth) induced by shot peening. Source: Ref 128 More