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Ragnvald H. Mathiesen, Lars Arnberg
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Marwan Haddad, Sarah J. Wolff, Samuel J. Clark, Kamel Fezzaa
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Leszek Wojnar, Krzysztof J. Kurzydłowski, Janusz Szala
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Image
Use of image processing in estimating size distributions of spherical parti...
Available to Purchase
in Quantitative Characterization and Representation of Global Microstructural Geometry
> Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 28 Use of image processing in estimating size distributions of spherical particles. (a) Unetched microstructure of high-pressure die-cast AM60 Mg-alloy depicting round gas (air) pores and cracklike shrinkage pores. (b) The microstructure in (a) with shrinkage pores removed by using image
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Image
in Ultrasonic Nondestructive Analysis of Plastics
> Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 15 May 2022
Image
Published: 01 January 2000
Image
Image processing techniques for crack detection in a green metal injection ...
Available to Purchase
in Nondestructive Evaluation of Pressed and Sintered Powder Metallurgy Parts[1]
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 13 Image processing techniques for crack detection in a green metal injection molded (MIM) part. (a) Initial radiography image with cracks. (b) After the bi-exponential edge preserving smoother (BEEPS). (c) After subtraction of smoothed image (b) from the initial image (a). (d) After
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Image
Digital image processing of a magnetic-particle-inspected connecting rod. (...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2018
Fig. 49 Digital image processing of a magnetic-particle-inspected connecting rod. (a) Nonuniform brightness (256 gray-level image). (b) Result of constant global thresholding. (c) Result of local adaptive thresholding. (d) Result of shape discrimination. Courtesy of Y.F. Cheu, General Motors
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Image
Published: 01 December 2004
Book Chapter
X-Ray Imaging of Solidification Processes and Microstructure Evolution
Available to PurchaseBook: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005218
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... Abstract Metal transparency and interaction with X-rays have been recognized as obvious candidate principles from which methods for in situ monitoring of solidification processes could be developed. This article describes the use of X-ray imaging-based techniques to investigate interface...
Abstract
Metal transparency and interaction with X-rays have been recognized as obvious candidate principles from which methods for in situ monitoring of solidification processes could be developed. This article describes the use of X-ray imaging-based techniques to investigate interface morphology evolution, solute transport, and various process phenomena at spatiotemporal resolutions. It discusses the three viable imaging techniques made available by synchrotron radiation for the real-time investigation of solidification microstructures in alloys. These include two-dimensional X-ray topography, two-dimensional X-ray radiography, and ultra-fast three-dimensional X-ray tomography.
Book Chapter
In Situ X-Ray Imaging of Metal Additive Manufacturing Processes
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006956
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... and role of x-ray imaging. It describes different setups that are implemented at various facilities that conduct x-ray imaging for different types of metal AM processes. The article also discusses different types of dynamics observed in experimental metal AM processes using x-ray imaging systems...
Abstract
X-ray imaging is a nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique in which x-ray waves interact with an observed sample to generate images from which information about the examined object can be derived. This article discusses x-ray imaging systems and applications, presenting the history and role of x-ray imaging. It describes different setups that are implemented at various facilities that conduct x-ray imaging for different types of metal AM processes. The article also discusses different types of dynamics observed in experimental metal AM processes using x-ray imaging systems. It presents the future of x-ray imaging in metal AM.
Book Chapter
Digital Imaging
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003757
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Abstract This article reviews the main theoretical and practical aspects of sequence normally followed in digital image-acquisition, processing, analysis, and output for material characterization. It discusses the main methods of digital imaging, image processing, and analysis, as applied...
Abstract
This article reviews the main theoretical and practical aspects of sequence normally followed in digital image-acquisition, processing, analysis, and output for material characterization. It discusses the main methods of digital imaging, image processing, and analysis, as applied to microscopy of materials. The article describes the basic concepts of sampling and resolution and quantization of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It discusses the acquisition of a digital image that accurately represents the sample under observation and output of the image to a printer. The methods used to enhance the digital image and to extract quantitative information are also described. Different types of image segmentation, namely, adaptive segmentation and contour-based segmentation, are reviewed. The article also presents case studies on the application of image processing and analysis to materials characterization.
Book Chapter
Quantitative Image Analysis
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003758
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Abstract This article reviews the essential parts of the complex process of quantitative image analysis to assist automatic image analysis in laboratories. It describes the basic difference between the bias of classical manual stereological analysis and quantitative image analysis. The article...
Abstract
This article reviews the essential parts of the complex process of quantitative image analysis to assist automatic image analysis in laboratories. It describes the basic difference between the bias of classical manual stereological analysis and quantitative image analysis. The article concentrates on the basic properties of digital measurements that are the core of quantitative image analysis. It provides a brief description of the specimen and apparatus preparation as well as the image acquisition. The article explains how to evaluate stereological parameters and provides the general rules and guidelines for optimization of image processing algorithms from the viewpoint of shape quantification. It concludes with examples that demonstrate the usefulness of automatic image analysis in comparison to manual methods.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006456
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
.... It also provides information on digital radiography, image processing and analysis, dual-energy imaging, and partial angle imaging, of a CT system. computed tomography digital radiography dual-energy imaging film radiography partial angle imaging real-time radiography X-ray computed tomography...
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique that generates a three-dimensional (3-D) volumetric image of a test piece. This article illustrates the basic principles of CT and provides information on the types, applications, and capabilities of CT systems. A comparison of performance characteristics for film radiography, real-time radiography, and X-ray computed tomography is presented in a table. A functional block diagram of a typical computed tomography system is provided. The article discusses CT scanning geometry that is used to acquire the necessary transmission data. It also provides information on digital radiography, image processing and analysis, dual-energy imaging, and partial angle imaging, of a CT system.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006936
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... the linear and phased array systems that are sometimes used for large-scale inspection tasks to reduce scan times, the various gating and image processing techniques, and how ultrasonic data are interpreted and presented. A brief section on future trends in ultrasonic inspection is presented at the end...
Abstract
Of the many different nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, ultrasonic inspection continues to be the leading nondestructive method for inspecting composite materials, because measurements can be quantitative and the typical defect geometries and orientations lend themselves to detection and characterization. This article focuses on the three common methods for ultrasonic nondestructive inspection of plastics, namely pitch-catch, through-transmission, and pulse-echo, as well as the three basic types of ultrasonic NDE scans: the A-scan, B-scan, and C-scan. The discussion includes the linear and phased array systems that are sometimes used for large-scale inspection tasks to reduce scan times, the various gating and image processing techniques, and how ultrasonic data are interpreted and presented. A brief section on future trends in ultrasonic inspection is presented at the end of the article.
Image
Published: 15 June 2020
Fig. 1 Binder-jet process cycle. Top left image from Ref 27 . Other images adapted from Ref 28 .
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Book Chapter
Photography of Fractured Parts and Fracture Surfaces
Available to PurchaseBook: Fractography
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006846
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... electron microscopy and postcapture image processing. digital microscopes fracture surfaces fractured parts photographic equipment scanning electron microscopy stereomicroscopes visual examination PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION of fractured components is arguably the best evidence used...
Abstract
This article provides a discussion on the following photographic equipment: point-and-shoot cameras, digital single-reflex cameras, stand-mounted digital zoom cameras, and digital microscope cameras. It presents two principal types of optical microscopes that are appropriate for visual examination of fractured parts: the stereomicroscope and the single-light-path digital microscope. The common features present on fracture surfaces are each considered separately, both in their significance and as photographic challenges. The article also presents a short note on low-magnification scanning electron microscopy and postcapture image processing.
Image
Image of chrome oxide ceramic coating to be processed for determination of ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2013
Fig. 66 Image of chrome oxide ceramic coating to be processed for determination of percentage porosity
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Image
Computer processed image of the macrostructure of a Ti-6Al-4V ingot. (a) Lo...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 27 Computer processed image of the macrostructure of a Ti-6Al-4V ingot. (a) Longitudinal section with coarse equiaxed grains in the center (light), columnar grains (gray), and fine equiaxed grains on the surface. (b) Cross section with reverse coloration
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Image
Typical dendrites in an A356 alloy in a computer-processed image. Etchant: ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 23 Typical dendrites in an A356 alloy in a computer-processed image. Etchant: modified Poulton reagent (60% HCl, 30% HNO 3 , 5% HF, 5% H 2 O)
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Image
Binder jetting and sintering process. (a) Image of a layer of powder in mid...
Available to Purchase
in Failures Related to Metal Additive Manufacturing
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 8 Binder jetting and sintering process. (a) Image of a layer of powder in midprint in the binder jet process. (b) Depowdering after the curing step
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Image
Images of 17-4 PH stainless steel. (a) Metal additive manufacturing process...
Available to Purchase
in Failures Related to Metal Additive Manufacturing
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 13 Images of 17-4 PH stainless steel. (a) Metal additive manufacturing process. (b) Wrought product. Original magnification of both: 200×
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Image
in Nondestructive Testing in Additive Manufacturing—A Review
> Additive Manufacturing Design and Applications
Published: 30 June 2023
Fig. 25 Illustration of the x - z image acquired via in-process eddy current inspection of the fabrication of four Ti-6Al-4V parts. The colors indicate the electromagnetic response of the sensor.
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