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image conversion

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006448
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
...: use of lead screens; protection against backscatter and scatter from external objects; and use of masks, diaphragms, collimators, and filtration. The article concludes with a discussion on image conversion media, including recording media, lead screens, lead oxide screens, and fluorescent intensifying...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003238
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... of radiation in radiographic inspection, including X-rays and gamma rays. It deals with the characteristics that differentiate neutron radiography from X-ray or gamma-ray radiography. The geometric principles of shadow formation, image conversion, variation of attenuation with test-piece thickness, and many...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006459
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... of image conversion techniques allow the viewing of radiographic images while the testpiece is being irradiated and moved with respect to the radiation source and the radiation detector. Real-time radiography is a technique in which the x-rays cause fluorescence of a sensor, and that image is visually...
Image
Published: 30 November 2018
Fig. 7 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of a vinyl phosphonic acid conversion-coated aluminum alloy enhanced with a polymer modifier (acrylic acid). The initial thickness of the conversion coating, without the modifier, was reported to be the same thickness as the passive layer More
Image
Published: 15 December 2019
Fig. 13 Micro x-ray diffraction (XRD) data from the backside of the imager substrate. Inset is the original two-dimensional (2-D) pattern. The X - Y plot is a result of integration of the 2-D pattern and conversion to a traditional one-dimensional XRD pattern. Reprinted with permission from More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006455
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... on the image conversion medium depends mainly on the absorption characteristics of the testpiece. Ordinarily, only the umbral region of a radiograph is of interest because it is only in this region that internal features of the testpiece are revealed. When a section of the testpiece contains...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006453
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... radiation). In practice, optimizing and matching these conversions is essential to TNDE performance. Signal-Generation Mechanisms In most cases, relative, rather than absolute, temperature is measured. Response to stimulation must be viewed over an interval of time. A single time-slice image...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006681
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... detection. This media conversion occurred much earlier in scanning instruments (STEM and SEM). Initially, photographic film was used to record images in STEM and SEM instruments, but this option is now completely obsolete. Digital recording devices used in modern TEM and STEM instruments are introduced...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003679
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Abstract Chromate conversion coatings (CCCs) are primarily used to improve adhesion of subsequently applied organic coatings or to impart corrosion resistance during atmospheric exposure. This article describes the factors that affect the formation of CCCs. It provides information...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003272
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... discusses the most common hardness conversions and the applications of MHT. microindentation hardness testing specimen preparation Vickers hardness test Knoop hardness test microindentation hardness testing equipment repeatability reproducibility IN MICROINDENTATION HARDNESS TESTING (MHT...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006444
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... of the vibrothermography process: vibration of the specimen by a transducer; conversion of vibrational energy into heat by a crack, delamination, and other contacting surfaces; conduction of the heat to an external surface; and infrared detection of the heat with a thermal camera. vibrothermography delaminations...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001237
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... the digitized image. Image sharpening is required because the conversion from an analog signal to a digitized signal does not produce sharp edges. Delineation, the most commonly used image enhancement function, converts digitized signals to a square-wave function, thus producing sharper images. Feature...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0001833
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
... the fracture is related to the components of the part. This should be followed by careful examination of the fracture by studying its image on the ground-glass back of the camera or through the viewfinder. The examination should begin with the use of direct lighting and should proceed by using various angles...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006469
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... consist of a power supply, a pulser circuit, a search unit, a receiver-amplifier circuit, high-integrity analog-to-digital data conversion, and now in many cases, a touch screen and display, all coordinated using an electronic clock or calibrator. Advances in computer technology have extended the data...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003760
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Abstract Three-dimensional microscopy can be used to reveal the shape, distribution, and connectivity of three-dimensional (3D) features that lie buried within an opaque material. This article discusses several experimental techniques that can be used to generate 3D images. These include serial...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003240
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... fringe field. If, conversely, the application involves the strain analysis of an object subjected to a specific type of stress, the image can be analyzed to yield a highly quantitative point-by-point map of the resulting surface displacements. It permits comparison of the responses of an object to two...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006456
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... Abstract Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique that generates a three-dimensional (3-D) volumetric image of a test piece. This article illustrates the basic principles of CT and provides information on the types, applications, and capabilities of CT systems. A comparison...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006924
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
...Glossary of characteristic cure parameters Table 1 Glossary of characteristic cure parameters Symbol Definition α Chemical conversion (e.g., of epoxide or isocyanate groups), degree of cure α gel α at the gel point t gel Time to gelation, gel time t vit Time...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006452
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... applications. It discusses the mathematics behind classical beamforming, full matrix capture, and total focusing methods of imaging. The article shows how ultrasonic array data can be simulated by direct numerical methods (most commonly using finite-element methods), analytical methods, or hybrid methods...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003757
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... through analog-to-digital conversion (A/D), creating a digital file that is stored in the computer. Digitization is a fundamental step because it defines the quality of the digital image and therefore the quality of all further processing and analysis. There are basically three different image...