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Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003154
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
.... This article discusses the composition, properties, and applications of permanent magnetic materials, such as hysteresis alloys used in motors. It primarily focuses on the stability of magnetic fields that influences reversible and irreversible losses in magnetization with time, and the choice of magnet...
Book Chapter

By J.W. Fiepke
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001094
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... are normally used in a single magnetic state. This implies insensitivity to temperature effects, mechanical shock, and demagnetizing fields. This article does not consider magnetic memory or recording materials in which the magnetic state is altered during use. It does include, however, hysteresis alloys used...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003160
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... actually extends over a much larger temperature range. The transformation also exhibits hysteresis in that the transformation on heating and on cooling does not overlap ( Fig. 1 a). This transformation hysteresis (shown as T in Fig. 1 a) varies with the alloy system. Fig. 1 Characteristics...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003233
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
.... The grain size (ASTM No. 7) was the same for all four specimens used in the tests. Other data show that grain size has little effect on hysteretic behavior for the classes of alloys studied. Fig. 6 Effect of mechanical hardness on hysteresis loop data. (a) AISI 410 stainless steel. (b) SAE 4340 steel...
Image
Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 1 Characteristics of shape memory alloys. (a) Typical transformation versus temperature curve for a specimen under constant load (stress) as it is cooled and heated. T , transformation hysteresis. M s , martensite start; M f , martensite finish; A s , austenite start; A f , austenite More
Image
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 16 Hysteresis energy loss versus magnetizing force of isotropic iron-chromium-cobalt alloys More
Image
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 4 Schematics showing two types of hysteresis stress-strain loops resulting from the Bauschinger effect in titanium alloys. Source: Ref 12 More
Image
Published: 01 January 2000
Fig. 19 Representation of the cyclic strain resistance of idealized alloys (strong, tough, ductile). (a) Fatigue curves. (b) Stress-strain hysteresis loops. After Ref 38 More
Image
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 21 Hysteresis loops of the flux-controlled magnetic circuit for plain low-carbon steel (AISI 1018) and a high-strength, low-alloy structural steel (HY-80) plate. Measurements were taken at pole flux density of 100 mT at 30 Hz excitation frequency. Source: Ref 3 More
Image
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 15 Hysteresis loss versus magnetizing force for various permanent magnet materials. Data points indicate maximum efficiency, 1, P-6 alloy; 2, cast Alnico 5; 3, cast Alnico 6; 4, Vicalloy; 5, 17% Co steel; 6, 36% Co steel; 7, cast Alnico 2; 8, 3 1 2 % Cr steel More
Book Chapter

By William H. Warnes
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001109
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... Abstract Superconductivity has been found in a wide range of materials, including pure metals, alloys, compounds, oxides, and organic materials. Providing information on the basic principles, this article discusses the theoretical background, types of superconductors, and critical parameters...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003153
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... substantially in the process of manufacturing a component from the alloy. Structure-sensitive properties are those drastically affected by impurities: residual strain, grain size, and so on. Permeability (μ), coercive force ( H c ), hysteresis losses ( W h ), residual induction ( B r ), and magnetic...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005896
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... by eddy current, because during the majority of the heat cycle, the surface temperature of the component is well above the Curie point. This makes valid the assumption of neglecting the hysteresis losses. However, in some low-temperature applications, where the heated metal or alloy retains its magnetic...
Book Chapter

By Darel E. Hodgson, Ming H. Wu, Robert J. Biermann
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001100
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... of this article. Alloys having a shape memory effect Table 1 Alloys having a shape memory effect Alloys Composition Transformation-temperature range Transformation hysteresis °C °F Δ°C Δ°F Ag-Cd 44/49 at.% Cd −190 to −50 −310 to −60 ≈15 ≈25 Au-Cd 46.5/50 at.%Cd 30 to 100 85...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002354
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... materials tested in initially soft, dislocation-poor conditions resulting from a prior heat treatment. The article discusses deformation-induced phase transformations in austenitic stainless steels and commercial age-hardened aluminum alloys. It describes the interaction of dislocations...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006057
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... Affecting Permeability and Hysteresis Losses Permeability, coercive field, and hysteresis loss are affected by impurities within the alloy, cold deformation such as sizing, and heat treatment. The most harmful impurities include carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. All PM parts contain a lubricant...
Book Chapter

By Erhard Krempl
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002469
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... special attention. In particular, such joints tend to negate alloy and composition effects. More detailed information on fatigue of welds and mechanical joints is contained in Ref 1 , 3 , and 4 . The Fatigue Process The fatigue process consists of a crack initiation and a crack propagation phase...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003736
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... in substitutionally alloyed systems that demonstrate small transformation strains and a small transformation hysteresis. The macroscopic deformation from the resultant transformation from one crystal structure to another can be observed from the surface relief and in the plate morphology that the martensite phase...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002364
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... “analytical tools” with an adequate cycle-counting technique that accrues closed hysteresis loops (for example, rainflow or range pair), a means is available to predict fatigue-initiation life of real components or parts. Explanation of these topics is aimed primarily as a primer on the basic concepts...
Book Chapter

By Douglas W. Dietrich
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001093
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... is extremely small; for example, pure nickel has a saturation magnetostriction coefficient (λ 1 ) of approximately −38 × 10 −6 Δ l / l . In very high permeability alloys, λ 1 approaches zero. Conversely, applying external stress to ferromagnetic material causes the magnetic hysteresis loop to change...