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hygrothermal buckling
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Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003385
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... stiffness effects. The article presents the study of instability associated with postbuckling behavior and hygrothermal buckling in composite sandwich panels and shell panels. composites orthotropic plates anisotropic plates unsymmetric plates transverse shear stiffness postbuckling hygrothermal...
Abstract
This article focuses on the unique characteristics of composites and laminated plates, including orthotropic, anisotropic, and unsymmetric plates. It discusses the stability issues associated with practical, structural laminates based on the finite stack effects and transverse shear stiffness effects. The article presents the study of instability associated with postbuckling behavior and hygrothermal buckling in composite sandwich panels and shell panels.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003376
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... address: Stress-strain relationship for membrane and bending response Thermal and moisture effects Inelastic behavior Strength and failure Interlaminar stresses The article “Hygrothermal Behavior” illustrates the importance of considering thermal and moisture effects. The article...
Abstract
Composite materials offer amazing opportunities for delivering structures that are optimized to meet design requirements. This article provides a summary of the concepts discussed in the articles under the section “Engineering Mechanics, Analysis, and Design” in ASM Handbook, Volume 21: Composites. The section introduces many of the engineering approaches used in composite industry.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002478
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... with increasing load until the remaining fibers fail (“bundle strength”) ( Ref 2 ) ( Fig. 3a ). There are two problems: (1) no load is carried by a broken or discontinuous fiber, and (2) fibers buckle at very low loads in compression because of their small diameter. Man learned many centuries ago that twisting...
Abstract
This article begins with a discussion on fiber-reinforced composite materials and describes the generic behavior and structure/property relationships of composites. The article summarizes lamina properties and presents equations that help in the calculation of lamina properties. Composite laminates are constructed from lamina with uniaxial fiber orientation and frequently from textile fabrics as well. The article explains the characteristics of symmetric in-plane and through-thickness laminates; asymmetric in-plane and symmetric through-thickness laminates; asymmetric laminates; and curved laminates. It provides information on controlled thermal expansion composites, metal-matrix composites, and ceramic-matrix composites. The article illustrates the types of bonded joints and concludes with a discussion on design for manufacturing.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003390
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... and point-stress analysis to micromechanical modeling to shell buckling and other structural considerations. The problem now becomes one of finding a program that meets the user's needs. Evaluation Criteria Criteria for evaluating computer programs for composites structural analysis include database...
Abstract
This article begins with a discussion on the criteria for evaluating computer programs for composites structural analysis, including database capabilities, types of engineering calculations supported, interface and operating systems, and technical support. It describes the capabilities of programs, such as CompositePro, ESAComp, and V-Lab that provide a graphical interface, built-in databases, and integrated modules for the different types of analyses. The article reviews the modules of other programs used for composite analysis. The programs include ASCA, CADEC, CoDA, COMPASS, ESDU, LAP, PROMAL, and SACL. The article concludes with information on on-line programs and recourses.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003393
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... shear) Temperature Buckling Fiber Linear Fiber alignment Crippling Fiber Linear Element geometry In-plane strength Tension Fiber Linear Low temperatures Compression Matrix/interface Some nonlinearity Moisture/elevated temperature Shear Interface Nonlinear Moisture...
Abstract
This article discusses the need for design allowables, development of design allowables, and important factors that affect the selection of the allowable. It provides a comparison between lamina and laminate allowables. The article discusses laminate results and specific techniques used in the statistical development of allowable values.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003457
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... inspection revealed honeycomb cell wall buckling near the dents and fluid ingress near the visible skin damage. Testing on sections cut from the cowls showed no change in four-point bending, flatwise tensile strength, thermal analysis, and a moisture content of 1.2% by weight. Rolls Royce concluded, “In view...
Abstract
This article provides non-proprietary and non-competition-sensitive information related to aircraft applications. It presents an overview of reliability and commonly used measurements. Failure modes that cause the negative performance are reviewed based on many types of sources. These include manufacturer service bulletins, reliability and customer service departments, literature reviews, demonstration programs, in-service evaluations, design guides, and surveys of commercial and military aircraft maintenance organizations. The article also describes lessons learned while attempting to avoid overlapping maintainability, reparability, and materials choice.
Book Chapter
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003377
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
..., the bundle functions like a rope. However, if compressive load is applied to the bundle in the fiber direction, the bundle will buckle at once; its stiffness for this load is zero. This is in contrast to the UDC, which has the same stiffness for compressive and tensile loads, because the matrix prevents...
Abstract
A unidirectional fiber composite (UDC) consists of aligned continuous fibers that are embedded in a matrix. This article describes a variety of analytical methods that are used to determine the various physical properties of the UDC. These properties include elasticity, thermal expansion coefficients, moisture swelling coefficients, static and dynamic viscoelastic properties, conductivity, and moisture diffusivity.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003442
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Composite Materials.” These topics are addressed in the article “Hygrothermal Behavior” in this Volume. Glass Transition Temperature The glass transition of a polymer-matrix composite is a temperature-induced change in the matrix material from the glassy to the rubbery state during heating, or from...
Abstract
Characterization of nonmechanical properties is performed in the testing and certification of composite materials. This article focuses on the properties of composites that are commonly investigated. The properties include: per ply thickness; constituent content; density; coefficient of thermal expansion and coefficient of moisture expansion; glass transition temperature; thermal conductivity, diffusivity, and specific heat.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006929
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
.... The polymer matrix is subject not only to damage mechanisms but also to interfacial and stress-cracking mechanisms. One example of interfacial failure is the loss of compressive strength in carbon-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites under hot and wet conditions. Fiber buckling is a result of interfacial failure...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the physics and math associated with moisture-related failures in plastic components. It develops key equations, showing how they are used to analyze the causes and effects of water uptake, diffusion, and moisture concentration in polymeric materials and resins. It explains how absorbed moisture affects a wide range of properties, including glass transition temperature, flexural and shear modulus,creep, stress relaxation, swelling, tensile and yield strength, and fatigue cracking. It provides relevant data on common polymers, resins, and fiber-resin composites.
Book Chapter
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003487
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... and C-stage. to 95% carbon, while graphite bers are posite. buckling (composite). A mode of failure gen- graphitized at 1900 to 2480 C (3450 to 4500 cermet. Composite materials consisting of two erally characterized by an unstable lateral ma- F) and assay at more than 99% elemental car- constituents...
Book
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.9781627081955
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5