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Underbead cracks (hydrogen cracking) in a girth weld.

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in Failures of Pipelines[1] > Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 10 Underbead cracks (hydrogen cracking) in a girth weld. More
Book Chapter

Stress-Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlement

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By Gerhardus H. Koch
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002388
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... alloys. aluminum alloys carbon steel high-strength steel hydrogen embrittlement low-alloy steel nickel-base alloys stainless steels stress-corrosion cracking tensile stress titanium alloys STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING (SCC) is a cracking phenomenon that occurs in susceptible alloys...
Abstract
Stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) is a cracking phenomenon that occurs in susceptible alloys, and is caused by the conjoint action of tensile stress and the presence of a specific corrosive environment. This article provides an overview of the anodic dissolution mechanisms and cathodic mechanisms for SCC. It discusses the materials, environmental, and mechanical factors that control hydrogen embrittlement and SCC behavior of different engineering materials with emphasis on carbon and low-alloy steels, high-strength steels, stainless steels, nickel-base alloys, aluminum alloys, and titanium alloys.
View PDF for content titled, Stress-Corrosion <span class="search-highlight">Cracking</span> and <span class="search-highlight">Hydrogen</span> Embrittlement
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Hydrogen-induced cracking, which is also referred to as stepwise cracking

Hydrogen-induced cracking, which is also referred to as stepwise cracking

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in Corrosion in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Operations > Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 32 Hydrogen-induced cracking, which is also referred to as stepwise cracking More
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Hydrogen-assisted cracking in a heavy-section low-alloy steel casting. Orig...

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in Casting Fracture Characteristics > Casting
Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 15 Hydrogen-assisted cracking in a heavy-section low-alloy steel casting. Original magnification: 1000×. Courtesy of Stork Technimet, Inc. New Berlin, WI More
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Hydrogen blistering and stepwise cracking in steel. (a) Schematic of bliste...

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in Failure Control in Process Operations > Fatigue and Fracture
Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 8 Hydrogen blistering and stepwise cracking in steel. (a) Schematic of blister formation process. (b) Schematic of stepwise cracking. Source: International Metals Review , Vol 30 (No. 6), 1985, p 291–301 More
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Schematic of stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking. Source: Ref 23

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in Failure Control in Process Operations > Fatigue and Fracture
Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 9 Schematic of stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking. Source: Ref 23 More
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Hydrogen-induced cracking in Ti-6Al-4V (electrochemical hydrogenation metho...

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in Heat Treating of Titanium and Titanium Alloys > Heat Treating of Nonferrous Alloys
Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 16 Hydrogen-induced cracking in Ti-6Al-4V (electrochemical hydrogenation method). (a) Cracking in fully lamellar microstructure between α and β lamellae. (b) Cracking in duplex microstructure at grain boundaries and inside primary α grains. Source: Ref 20 More
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Hydrogen-induced cracking in pipeline steel

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in Examination of Damage and Material Evaluation > Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 40 Hydrogen-induced cracking in pipeline steel More
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Potential ranges of environmentally assisted cracking by (I) hydrogen embri...

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in Hydrogen Damage and Embrittlement > Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 3 Potential ranges of environmentally assisted cracking by (I) hydrogen embrittlement, (II) cracking of unstable passive film, and (III) cracking initiated at pits near the pitting potential. Vertical dashed lines define potential range over which nonpassivating films may crack under More
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Stepwise cracking of a low-strength pipeline steel exposed to hydrogen sulf...

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in Hydrogen Damage and Embrittlement > Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 8 Stepwise cracking of a low-strength pipeline steel exposed to hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). 6× More
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Effect of strain rate on SCC and hydrogen-induced cracking. Source: Ref 66...

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in Evaluating Stress-Corrosion Cracking > Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 32 Effect of strain rate on SCC and hydrogen-induced cracking. Source: Ref 66 More
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General types of tests related to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC), hydrogen...

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in Evaluation of Environmentally Assisted Crack Growth > Mechanical Testing and Evaluation
Published: 01 January 2000
Fig. 13 General types of tests related to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC), hydrogen embrittlement, and corrosion fatigue. (a) Smooth specimen SCC testing for determination of a stress threshold, σ th . (b) Slow-strain-rate (SSR) testing for strain-rate controlled evaluation of σ th and time More
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Hydrogen-induced cracking in pipeline steel

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in Examination of Damage and Material Evaluation[1] > Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 40 Hydrogen-induced cracking in pipeline steel More
Image

Potential ranges of environmentally assisted cracking by (I) hydrogen embri...

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in Hydrogen Damage and Embrittlement > Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 3 Potential ranges of environmentally assisted cracking by (I) hydrogen embrittlement, (II) cracking of unstable passive film, and (III) cracking initiated at pits near the pitting potential. Vertical dashed lines define potential range over which nonpassivating films may crack under More
Image

Stepwise cracking of a low-strength pipeline steel exposed to hydrogen sulf...

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in Hydrogen Damage and Embrittlement > Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 8 Stepwise cracking of a low-strength pipeline steel exposed to hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). Original magnification: 6× More
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Causes and cures of hydrogen-induced cracking in weld metal. Thermal Severi...

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in Cracking Phenomena Associated With Welding > Welding, Brazing, and Soldering
Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 14 Causes and cures of hydrogen-induced cracking in weld metal. Thermal Severity Number (TSN), which is four times the total plate thickness capable of removing heat from the joint, is a measure of the ability of the member to serve as a heat sink. More
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Causes and cures of hydrogen-induced cracking in base metal

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in Cracking Phenomena Associated With Welding > Welding, Brazing, and Soldering
Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 15 Causes and cures of hydrogen-induced cracking in base metal More
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Incubation time prior to hydrogen stress cracking for AISI type 4340 and ty...

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in Corrosion Testing > Metals Handbook Desk Edition
Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 15 Incubation time prior to hydrogen stress cracking for AISI type 4340 and type D-6AC steel contoured double-cantilever beam test specimens as a function of decrease in stress intensity More
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Stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking in refinery plate steel. Note the stacked array of hydrogen blister cracks going through the thickness of the material (vertical) oriented perpendicular to the direction of the applied tensile stress (horizontal).

Stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking in refinery plate steel. Note the...

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in Corrosion in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Operations > Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 33 Stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking in refinery plate steel. Note the stacked array of hydrogen blister cracks going through the thickness of the material (vertical) oriented perpendicular to the direction of the applied tensile stress (horizontal). More
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Effect of strain rate on stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen-induced cracking. Source: Ref 28

Effect of strain rate on stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen-induc...

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in Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Aluminum Alloys[1] > Properties and Selection of Aluminum Alloys
Published: 15 June 2019
Fig. 7 Effect of strain rate on stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen-induced cracking. Source: Ref 28 More