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hydration
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Published: 01 November 1995
Fig. 4 Formation of reaction products during the hydration of a Type I portland cement. With a Type II or Type V portland cement, little or no monosulfate would be formed at 24 h. Source: Ref 44
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Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 6 Hydration of Western (sodium) and Southern (calcium) bentonite. Reprinted with permission from American Foundry Society. Source: Ref 1
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Published: 31 December 2017
Fig. 5 Scanning electron micrograph showing a wear scar with typical hydrated tribochemical layer on an alumina ball after sliding against alumina in distilled water
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 59 Effect of the presence of a hydrated salt on the cooling time-temperature curve. Source: Ref 157
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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 34 Resistance of alloys to stress-corrosion cracking in hydrated 75% Na 2 S-25%NaOH (dry wt%) hydrated salt mixture at 180 °C (355 °F) for a period of 48 h
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006431
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... hydrated tribochemical layers. It concludes with information on the tribological applications of structural ceramics and composites. ceramics composites friction lubrication silicon carbide silicon nitride structural ceramics superlow friction wear CERAMICS are solid materials...
Abstract
There are huge numbers of publications and data available on ceramics, especially the basic types that cover their friction, wear, tribological mechanisms, high-temperature behavior, tribochemistry, and also lubrication conditions. This article summarizes the key overall research findings found in several comprehensive monographs. It discusses the types and properties of structural ceramics, as well as typical properties that govern the friction and wear of ceramics. The article reviews the superlow friction of silicon nitride and silicon carbide, and describes wear-protective hydrated tribochemical layers. It concludes with information on the tribological applications of structural ceramics and composites.
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Published: 01 January 2003
the percent of hydration of the separate structural elements of the plate are presented. In general, the outer corrosion sublayer is hydrated in the form of a gel. The degree of hydration is approximately 10% in pure Pb electrodes, whereas it varies between 15 and 25% in Pb-Sb electrodes. There is 30 to 35
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Published: 30 November 2018
Fig. 1 Open pores versus closed pores of an anodic coating. To seal anodizing means to convert the aluminum oxide in the pores to hydrated aluminum oxide, which is a larger molecule and literally clogs or fills up the pore with hydrated aluminum oxide. Adapted from Ref 2
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006499
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... resistance, and thermal or electrical responses. The general principle behind most types of sealing is to fill the open-pore structure of the anodic coating by converting the amorphous aluminum oxide as formed to a crystalline form of aluminum oxide ( Ref 1 ). This hydrated aluminum oxide, which has more...
Abstract
The sealing of the anodized aluminum is a critical process in achieving the durability and extended functionality of anodizing. This article discusses the different methods for sealing the anodic coatings produced by using sulfuric acid, namely, hot deionized water, hot nickel acetate, midtemperature, cold, and dichromate sealing. It reviews the factors that affect seal quality: immersion time, chemistry concentration, temperature, pH, water quality, coating thickness, and contaminants/dye bleeding. The article describes the various tests that are used for determining the quality of the seal, namely, salt spray, modified dye stain, acid dissolution, impedance, copper accelerated acetic acid salt spray, high-alkaline resistance, SO 2 fog, and clorox tests.
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 11 Concrete strength increases with age as long as moisture and a favorable temperature are present for hydration of the cement. The effect of moisture during cure is evident.
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 15 Oxalic tint etch for 15 s. Ti-6Al-4V fastener solution treated and aged. 1 h vibratory polisher, non-nap polyester cloth and alumina. Note: This mount was vacuum impregnated with hydrated, rhodamine-dyed epoxy.
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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 29 Plot comparing average corrosion rate of alloys in 75%Na 2 S-25%NaOH (dry wt%) salt hydrate mixture at 180 °C (355 °F) for a period of 24 h. Error bars show maximum and minimum values obtained in triplicate experiments.
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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 32 Results from constant stress SCC tests of 304L shown as a function of temperature in a hydrated mixture of Na 2 S and NaOH. Solid circles are data points for specimens that failed during the test. Open circles are for specimens that either cracked, but did not fail during the test
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 12 Oxalic tint etch for 15 s. Ti-6Al-4V fastener solution treated and aged. 1 h vibratory polisher, non-nap polyester cloth and alumina. Note: the mounted parts were vacuum impregnated with hydrated rhodamine-dyed epoxy. Note the crest lap, which is typical for a rolled thread.
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Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 1 Potential-pH equilibrium diagram for the titanium-water system at 25 °C (77 °F). The diagram was established by considering, as derivatives of the tri- and tetravalent titanium, the hydroxide Ti(OH) 3 and the hydrated oxide TiO 2 -H 2 O. Lines a and b establish the stability region
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Published: 01 November 1995
Fig. 8 Typical thermogram showing temperature difference, Δ T , as a deviation from a baseline for four types of kaolinite [Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ] clay. A, well crystallized; B, poorly crystallized; C, hydrated halloysite [Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ·2H 2 O]; D, anauxite [Al 2 (SiO 7 )(OH) 4
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Published: 01 December 2004
, the specimen was vacuum impregnated with hydrated rhodamine-dyed two-part epoxy after sectioning on a wafering saw. This sample was prepared with a five-step edge retention process; 220 grit, 9 μm, 3 μm silk, 3 μm non-nap polyester and ending up with 1 h on a vibratory polisher with a non-nap polyester cloth
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in Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Naturally Derived Protein-Based Biopolymers
> Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Applications
Published: 12 September 2022
: Ref 18 . Reprinted with permission from Wiley. (d) Automated gel aspiration-ejection (GAE) draws precursor highly hydrated gels into a capillary, resulting in their compaction. Dense bioinks are then extruded in predefined positions as building blocks to generate 3D structures. Source: Ref 19
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Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001246
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... properly. Extreme brittleness can result from the presence of codeposited hydrated Fe(III) or Fe(II) oxide as well as codeposition of organic additive breakdown products. Principal Applications Today the principal applications for electrodeposited iron are in the production of solder gun tips...
Abstract
Iron has been electroplated from a variety of electrolytes, whose bath parameters result in coatings that have widely divergent characteristics according to the specific characteristics desired in the finished product. This article provides an overview of the process description and processing equipment and discusses the properties, advantages, limitations, and principal applications of iron plating. It also describes the environmental, health, and safety considerations of iron plating.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003035
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... the molding cycle, and reduce the overall cost of the compound. Commonly used fillers include calcium carbonate, hydrated alumina, and clay. Calcium carbonates are readily available and can be added to polyester resin in large amounts, while still maintaining a processable paste. They assist in reducing...
Abstract
Sheet molding compounds (SMCs) refers to both material and process for producing glass-fiber-reinforced polyester resin items. This article discusses the material components incorporated into the resin paste for desirable processing and molding characteristics and optimum physical and mechanical properties, including catalyst, fillers, thickeners, pigments, thermoplastic polymers, flame retardants, and ultraviolet absorbers. It talks about the mixing techniques available for SMC resin pastes, including batch, batch/continuous, and continuous mixing. The article also outlines the design features and the operations of continuous-belt and beltless machine type SMCs.
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