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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
..., hot salt attack, and thermal fatigue. The article describes the various forms of corrosion which occur at the cold end of an exhaust system. The forms of cold end exhaust corrosion, including condensate pitting corrosion, exterior salt pitting, crevice corrosion, intergranular corrosion, and galvanic...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003821
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
..., and some are extremely resistant to the chloride-induced phenomena of pitting, crevice attack, and stress-corrosion cracking (to which the stainless steels are susceptible). Nickel alloys are also among the few metallic materials able to cope with hot hydrofluoric acid. The conditions where nickel alloys...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003593
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
...-salt interface, and site II is the salt-gas interface. Source: Ref 15 Historically, it has been demonstrated ( Ref 16 ) that a condensed fused salt film is required for severe hot corrosion attack, and that Na 2 SO 4 vapor in air is innocuous. Researchers ( Ref 17 , 18 , 19 ) showed...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003609
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... of aqueous systems. Molten salt systems operate at higher temperatures than aqueous systems, which leads to different forms of corrosion attack. Electrochemical measurements have highlighted these differences between aqueous and molten salt environments, particularly in terms of characterizing...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003142
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract This article discusses corrosion resistance of titanium and titanium alloys to different types of corrosion, including galvanic corrosion, crevice corrosion, stress-corrosion cracking (SCC), erosion-corrosion, cavitation, hot salt corrosion, accelerated crack propagation, and solid...
Image
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 3 Laminated T304 heat shield where insulation became soaked with salt solution, leading to hot salt intergranular attack. At bottom, cross section. 200× More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003611
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
...; most of the corrosion encountered in turbines burning liquid fuels can be described as type I hot corrosion, which occurs primarily in the metal temperature range of 850 to 950 °C (1550 to 1750 °F). This is a sulfidation-based attack on the hot gas path parts involving the formation of condensed salts...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004158
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... and 1700 °F). High-temperature hot corrosion is caused by the formation of alkali metal salts, such as sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) and potassium sulfate (K 2 SO 4 ), which melt and form a liquid on the surface. This molten salt attacks the oxide scale, destroying the protection normally afforded...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003671
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... of the atmosphere, liquid, or molten salt, the temperature and thermal cycle profiles, the stress states of the materials, fatigue conditions, and the design parameters. The objective for performing a given high- temperature corrosion test should be identified during the initial phase of designing the testing...
Image
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 25 Effect of p SO 2 on Na 2 SO 4 -induced corrosion at 700 °C (1290 °F). 2.5 ppm atmospheric SO 2 can greatly accelerate hot corrosion over that in clean air conditions. With Na 2 SO 4 salt deposit, the catalyzed O 2 -0.1%SO 2 atmosphere causes accelerated attack at 700 °C by forming More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003825
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... Room E Fumes … E Vinegar and salt … … E Water … … E … Hot E Salt … E Sea … E Whiskey … … E (a) E, no attack: V, variable, depending on temperature and concentration; NR, not resistant Most organic salts, gases, alcohols, ketones, alkaloids...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0004050
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... (fluxing). Hot corrosion appears only at intermediate temperatures determined by the melting point and the dewpoint of the salt ( Ref 11 ). Two forms of hot corrosion are generally recognized in sulfur-containing combustion environments: type I (high temperature) and type II (low temperature). Type I...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006787
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... oxidation, carburization, metal dusting, nitridation, carbonitridation, sulfidation, and chloridation. Several other potential degradation processes, namely hot corrosion, hydrogen interactions, molten salts, aging, molten sand, erosion-corrosion, and environmental cracking, are discussed under boiler tube...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003555
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... and metal dusting, sulfidation, hot corrosion, chloridation, hydrogen interactions, molten metals, molten salts, and aging reactions including sensitization, stress-corrosion cracking, and corrosion fatigue. It concludes with a discussion on various protective coatings, such as aluminide coatings, overlay...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003587
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Abstract Molten salts, or fused salts, can cause corrosion by the solution of constituents of the container material, selective attack, pitting, electrochemical reactions, mass transport due to thermal gradients, and reaction of constituents and impurities of the molten salt with the container...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006349
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... in contact with solutions containing copper salts, free wet chlorine, or other strongly oxidizing contaminants. The high-silicon irons are very resistant to organic acid solutions at any concentration or temperature. However, their resistance to strong hot caustics is not satisfactory for most purposes...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004162
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... that can deposit inside fenders and other partially enclosed areas of vehicles. The poultice can accumulate and concentrate road salts and other potentially corrosive substances. Oxygen concentration gradients under and adjacent to the poultice exacerbate attack under the poultice. Figure 3 shows...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003829
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... for the bromination of organic materials, but hydrobromic acid (HBr) exposure is limited to room temperature and a maximum of 14% acid. Similarly, silver is restricted to room-temperature exposure in dilute hydroiodic acid (HI). Nitric acid (HNO 3 ) that contains traces of nitrous acid attacks silver vigorously. Hot...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004124
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
.... Contamination of combustion fuel in diesel engines can cause high-temperature corrosion. Gas turbine engines are affected by hot corrosion. Refractory-lined incinerators and alloy-lined incinerators are discussed. The article provides case studies for each component failure. boilers diesel engines...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003551
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... are susceptible to attack at low and intermediate temperatures. The normally protective SiO 2 layer that forms on SiC and Si 3 N 4 may explain why such ceramics have a poor corrosion resistance in basic salts. Corrosion resistance of structural ceramics to fused salts, alkalis, and low-melting oxides Table...