Skip Nav Destination
Close Modal
By
John C. Tverberg
By
Warren J. Haws
By
Paul K. Whitcraft
By
Mary Oakley, Wayne Chandler
By
Michael L. Marucci, James A. Catanese
Search Results for
high-purity water
Update search
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
Filter
- Title
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- Full Text
- Abstract
- Keywords
- DOI
- ISBN
- EISBN
- Issue
- ISSN
- EISSN
- Volume
- References
NARROW
Format
Topics
Book Series
Date
Availability
1-20 of 626
Search Results for high-purity water
Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account
Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
1
Sort by
Book Chapter
Rouging of Stainless Steel in High-Purity Water
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004103
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract Materials of construction for equipment and piping in pharmaceutical processing plants must be resistant to corrosion from the high-purity water, the buffer solutions used in preparation of the products, and the cleaning solutions used to maintain the purity of the product. The primary...
Abstract
Materials of construction for equipment and piping in pharmaceutical processing plants must be resistant to corrosion from the high-purity water, the buffer solutions used in preparation of the products, and the cleaning solutions used to maintain the purity of the product. The primary water used in pharmaceutical production is water for injection (WFI). This article presents the steps for preparing WFI and discusses the effect of chlorides on stainless steel. It provides information on the passive layer of stainless steels and chromium-containing nickel alloys. The article provides information on the surface finish of pharmaceutical equipment. It discusses the classification of rouge and the characteristics of cast type 316L stainless steel. The article also explains how and when to perform cleaning and repassivation process on classes of rouge.
Image
Gradient separation of anions commonly found in high-purity water with the ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 December 2019
Fig. 8 Gradient separation of anions commonly found in high-purity water with the IonPac AS11 column and the AG11 column. Column dimensions: 2 mm (0.08 in.) ID by 50 mm and 2 mm ID by 250 mm; eluent: 0.5 mM hydroxide for the first 2.5 min, 0.5 to 5 mM hydroxide from 2.5 min to 6 min, and 5
More
Book Chapter
Corrosion of Beryllium and Aluminum-Beryllium Composites
Available to PurchaseBook: Corrosion: Materials
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003827
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... that contains halide, sulfate, or nitrate ions. The article provides information on the behavior of beryllium under the combined effects of high-purity water environment, stress and chemical environment, and high-temperature environment. The compositions of the structural grades for intentionally controlled...
Abstract
This article describes the four major conditions that can cause beryllium to corrode in air. These include beryllium carbide particles exposed at the surface; surface contaminated with halide, sulfate, or nitrate ions; surface contaminated with other electrolyte fluids; and atmosphere that contains halide, sulfate, or nitrate ions. The article provides information on the behavior of beryllium under the combined effects of high-purity water environment, stress and chemical environment, and high-temperature environment. The compositions of the structural grades for intentionally controlled elements and major impurities are tabulated. The article discusses the in-process problems and procedures that are common but avoidable when processing beryllium and aluminum-beryllium composites. It also describes the types of coatings used on beryllium and aluminum-beryllium. These include chemical conversion coatings, anodized coatings, plated coatings, organic coatings, and plasma-sprayed coatings.
Image
High-temperature corrosion fatigue of structural steels in water. (a) Fatig...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
environments can vary substantially in the environment. Source: Ref 8 , 9 . (b) Effect of stress ratio on corrosion fatigue crack propagation in A533B and A508 carbon steels exposed to pressurized high-purity water. Temperature 288 °C (550 °F), frequency 0.017 Hz. Average behavior in air is represented
More
Image
Effect of compacting pressure and die temperature on (a) green density and ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 September 2015
Fig. 2 Effect of compacting pressure and die temperature on (a) green density and (b) green strength of a high purity water atomized iron powder (0.004 wt% C, 0.09 wt% O, 0.05 wt% Mn). Source: Ref 1
More
Image
Effect of stress ratio ( R ) on corrosion-fatigue crack propagation in ASTM...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2003
Fig. 15 Effect of stress ratio ( R ) on corrosion-fatigue crack propagation in ASTM A533 B and A508 carbon steels exposed to pressurized high-purity water at 288 °C (550 °F). Frequency: 0.017 Hz. Average behavior in air is represented by the dashed line labeled “Dry.” Source: Ref 59
More
Image
Power plant gate-valve stem of 17-4 PH stainless that failed by SCC in high...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 31 Power plant gate-valve stem of 17-4 PH stainless that failed by SCC in high-purity water. (a) A fracture surface of the valve stem showing stained area and cup-and-cone shearing at perimeter. 0.7×. (b) Micrograph showing secondary intergranular cracks branching from fracture surface
More
Image
Stress-corrosion cracking in a 17-4 PH stainless steel gate-valve stem that...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 January 2021
Fig. 40 Stress-corrosion cracking in a 17-4 PH stainless steel gate-valve stem that failed in high-purity water. (a) Photograph of the valve stem fracture surface showing stained area and cup-and-cone shearing at perimeter. (b) Micrograph showing secondary intergranular cracks branching from
More
Image
The effect of dissolved oxygen on the corrosion potential of type 304 stain...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
Fig. 17 The effect of dissolved oxygen on the corrosion potential of type 304 stainless steel in 274 °C high-purity water. Important effects on corrosion potential and crack growth rate ( Fig. 18 ) occur at ppb levels of dissolved oxygen, a small fraction of the oxygen-saturated value of ≈42
More
Image
Concentration ranges of dissolved oxygen and chloride that may lead to SCC ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
Fig. 17 Concentration ranges of dissolved oxygen and chloride that may lead to SCC of type 304 in high-purity water at temperatures ranging from 260 to 300 °C (500 to 570 °F). The applied stresses are greater than the yield strength and test times are greater than 1000 h, or strain rates
More
Book Chapter
P/M Aluminum Alloys: Atlas of Fractographs
Available to PurchaseBook: Fractography
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0000622
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
..., and D.J. Duquette, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) Fig. 1097, 1098 Corrosion-fatigue crack initiation and propagation in a solution-treated and peak-aged Al-4.2Mg-2.1Li P/M alloy tested in deaerated high-purity water. Fig. 1097 : View of external surface (top) and fracture surface (bottom). SEM...
Abstract
This article is an atlas of fractographs that helps in understanding the causes and mechanisms of fracture of P/M aluminum alloys (aluminum-lithium alloys) and in identifying and interpreting the morphology of fracture surfaces. The fractographs illustrate the fracture surface, and corrosion-fatigue crack initiation and propagation of these alloys.
Book Chapter
Material Issues in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004203
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... of particular interest to the pharmaceutical industry. It is the presence of a surface layer of oxide on stainless equipment or piping typically handling high-purity water at temperatures above ambient. This includes stills, steam systems, purified water, and water for injection. The oxides can vary...
Abstract
This article discusses the corrosion characteristics of superaustenitic stainless and duplex stainless steels, which are used in pharmaceutical industry. It describes passivation treatments and the electropolishing of stainless steels. The article informs that electropolishing is not a passivation treatment, although the proper execution of the process will result in a passive surface. The article concludes with a discussion on roughing, which is a phenomenon of particular interest to the pharmaceutical industry.
Book Chapter
Corrosion in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004204
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... fabrication. Fortunately, problems can be minimized by following good design, procurement, fabrication, handling, and cleanup practices. Austenitic stainless steels are widely used in oxidizing environments, high-purity water service, and in fine chemical and pharmaceutical production equipment and piping...
Abstract
This article discusses the materials of construction found in pharmaceutical production facilities. The materials discussed are different stainless steels, nickel and nickel-base alloys, titanium, zirconium, impervious graphite, fluoropolymers, and glass-lined steel. The article describes the three primary causes of failure in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals: embedded iron, failures of glass linings, and corrosion under thermal insulation.
Image
S-N curves of 7075 aluminum alloys with and without TMTs. Axial loading wit...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
to both commercial and high-purity bars by solution annealing at 460 °C (860 °F) for 1 h, water quenching, aging at 100 °C (212 °F) for 1 h, swaging at room temperature, and aging at 120 °C (250 °F) for 16 h. The commercial alloy, C7075-TMT, was reduced 30% in cross section, whereas the high-purity alloy
More
Book Chapter
Tin and Tin Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003145
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
...% Sn and maximum residual impurities of 0.04% Sb, 0.05% As, 0.030% Bi, 0.001% Cd, 0.04% Cu, 0.010% Fe, 0.05% Pb, 0.01% S, 0.005% Zn, and 0.01% (Ni + Co). There are only a few applications where pure tin is used. Unalloyed tin is the most practical lining material for handling high-purity water...
Abstract
Tin is a soft, brilliant white, low-melting metal that is most widely known and characterized in the form of coating. This article discusses the primary and secondary production of tin and explains the uses of tin in coating, namely tinplating, electroplating, and hot dip coatings. It presents a short note on pure (unalloyed) tin and uses of tin in chemicals. The article also covers the compositions and uses of tin alloys which include solders, pewter, bearing alloys, alloys for organ pipes, and fusible alloys. It goes on to discuss the other alloys containing tin including battery grid alloys, type metals, copper alloys, dental alloys, cast irons, titanium alloys, and zirconium alloys. Finally, it presents a short note on the applications of tin powder and corrosion resistance of tin.
Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002362
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... ) and the general fatigue life behavior of engineering component applications ( Fig. 2 , 3 ). Many environments can produce a profound increase in crack growth rates, including seemingly innocuous environments such as high-purity water, laboratory air, and very low partial pressures of oxygen, hydrogen, or water...
Abstract
This article focuses on the corrosion fatigue testing of steel in high-temperature water and discusses critical experimental issues associated with it. It provides information on the fundamental aspects of environmental crack advancement in general. The article explains the concepts and role of environmentally assisted crack growth in corrosion fatigue. It also discusses the fatigue test methods, including crack initiation testing and crack propagation testing. The article describes the specific types and influence rankings of experimental variables in corrosion fatigue.
Book Chapter
Chemical and Electrolytic Brightening
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006511
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
...% Mg and on high-purity aluminum. Comparing Chemical and Electrolytic Brightening Because of improvements in chemical brightening (bright dipping) processes, brightening results are equivalent to those obtained by electrolytic brightening (electropolishing) processes, with the exception...
Abstract
Chemical brightening (bright dipping) and electrolytic brightening (electropolishing) are essentially selective-dissolution processes, in which the high points of a rough surface of aluminum are attacked more rapidly than the depressions, and the peaks and valleys are smoothed to produce a bright and beautiful finish. This article discusses the metallurgical factors, optical factors, and applications of the chemical and electrolytic brightening. It compares the chemical brightening and electrolytic brightening, and presents the advantages of the chemical and electrolytic brightening processes in terms of performance and economy. The article describes the phosphoric-nitric acid baths and phosphoric-sulfuric acid baths used for chemical brightening. Solution compositions and operating conditions for three commercial electropolishing processes, as well as for suitable post-treatments, are presented in a table.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006630
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
..., a neutron-flux-moderating additive, is incorporated into the high-purity water that recirculates through the reactor core. Anion-Exchange Eluents in Nonsuppressed Ion Chromatography To minimize background conductivity using nonsuppressed IC, eluents are chosen on the basis of conductivity and elution...
Abstract
This article presents a detailed account of ion chromatography (IC). It begins by describing the principles of common separation modes in IC. This is followed by a section on the different modes of detection, namely suppressed conductivity detection, nonsuppressed conductivity detection, spectrophotometric detection, and electrochemical detection. Various separation modes in IC are then described. The article further provides information on various eluents species, analyte range, and sample preparation techniques in IC. It ends by providing information on the instrumentation and applications and future directions of IC.
Book Chapter
Production of Powder Metallurgy Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels
Available to PurchaseBook: Powder Metallurgy
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006081
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... an additional melting/refining step that uses a ladle refining furnace to more precisely control alloying additions and improve the control of nonmetallic inclusions. Additionally, one manufacturer uses high-purity molten Fe-3%C from an on-site smelter. The refined melt is atomized using high-pressure water...
Abstract
This article briefly reviews the production methods and characteristics of plain carbon and low-alloy water-atomized iron and steel powders, high-porosity iron powder, carbonyl iron powder, and electrolytic iron powder. It emphasizes on atomized powders, because they are the most widely used materials for ferrous powder metallurgy. The article provides information on the properties and applications of these powders. It also includes an overview of diffusion alloying, basics of admixing, and bonded premixes.
Image
The external surface (top) and the corrosion-fatigue fracture surface (bott...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 1089 The external surface (top) and the corrosion-fatigue fracture surface (bottom) of a solution-treated and peak-aged Al-5.6Zn-1.9Mg sample tested in high-purity deaerated water. SEM, 100× (R.E. Ricker, University of Notre Dame, and D.J. Duquette, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute)
More
1