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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004103
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract Materials of construction for equipment and piping in pharmaceutical processing plants must be resistant to corrosion from the high-purity water, the buffer solutions used in preparation of the products, and the cleaning solutions used to maintain the purity of the product. The primary...
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Published: 15 December 2019
Fig. 8 Gradient separation of anions commonly found in high-purity water with the IonPac AS11 column and the AG11 column. Column dimensions: 2 mm (0.08 in.) ID by 50 mm and 2 mm ID by 250 mm; eluent: 0.5 mM hydroxide for the first 2.5 min, 0.5 to 5 mM hydroxide from 2.5 min to 6 min, and 5 More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003827
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... that contains halide, sulfate, or nitrate ions. The article provides information on the behavior of beryllium under the combined effects of high-purity water environment, stress and chemical environment, and high-temperature environment. The compositions of the structural grades for intentionally controlled...
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Published: 01 January 1996
environments can vary substantially in the environment. Source: Ref 8 , 9 . (b) Effect of stress ratio on corrosion fatigue crack propagation in A533B and A508 carbon steels exposed to pressurized high-purity water. Temperature 288 °C (550 °F), frequency 0.017 Hz. Average behavior in air is represented More
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 2 Effect of compacting pressure and die temperature on (a) green density and (b) green strength of a high purity water atomized iron powder (0.004 wt% C, 0.09 wt% O, 0.05 wt% Mn). Source: Ref 1 More
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Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 15 Effect of stress ratio ( R ) on corrosion-fatigue crack propagation in ASTM A533 B and A508 carbon steels exposed to pressurized high-purity water at 288 °C (550 °F). Frequency: 0.017 Hz. Average behavior in air is represented by the dashed line labeled “Dry.” Source: Ref 59 More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 31 Power plant gate-valve stem of 17-4 PH stainless that failed by SCC in high-purity water. (a) A fracture surface of the valve stem showing stained area and cup-and-cone shearing at perimeter. 0.7×. (b) Micrograph showing secondary intergranular cracks branching from fracture surface More
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 40 Stress-corrosion cracking in a 17-4 PH stainless steel gate-valve stem that failed in high-purity water. (a) Photograph of the valve stem fracture surface showing stained area and cup-and-cone shearing at perimeter. (b) Micrograph showing secondary intergranular cracks branching from More
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 17 The effect of dissolved oxygen on the corrosion potential of type 304 stainless steel in 274 °C high-purity water. Important effects on corrosion potential and crack growth rate ( Fig. 18 ) occur at ppb levels of dissolved oxygen, a small fraction of the oxygen-saturated value of ≈42 More
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 17 Concentration ranges of dissolved oxygen and chloride that may lead to SCC of type 304 in high-purity water at temperatures ranging from 260 to 300 °C (500 to 570 °F). The applied stresses are greater than the yield strength and test times are greater than 1000 h, or strain rates More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0000622
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
..., and D.J. Duquette, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) Fig. 1097, 1098 Corrosion-fatigue crack initiation and propagation in a solution-treated and peak-aged Al-4.2Mg-2.1Li P/M alloy tested in deaerated high-purity water. Fig. 1097 : View of external surface (top) and fracture surface (bottom). SEM...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004203
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... of particular interest to the pharmaceutical industry. It is the presence of a surface layer of oxide on stainless equipment or piping typically handling high-purity water at temperatures above ambient. This includes stills, steam systems, purified water, and water for injection. The oxides can vary...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004204
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... fabrication. Fortunately, problems can be minimized by following good design, procurement, fabrication, handling, and cleanup practices. Austenitic stainless steels are widely used in oxidizing environments, high-purity water service, and in fine chemical and pharmaceutical production equipment and piping...
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Published: 01 January 1996
to both commercial and high-purity bars by solution annealing at 460 °C (860 °F) for 1 h, water quenching, aging at 100 °C (212 °F) for 1 h, swaging at room temperature, and aging at 120 °C (250 °F) for 16 h. The commercial alloy, C7075-TMT, was reduced 30% in cross section, whereas the high-purity alloy More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003145
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
...% Sn and maximum residual impurities of 0.04% Sb, 0.05% As, 0.030% Bi, 0.001% Cd, 0.04% Cu, 0.010% Fe, 0.05% Pb, 0.01% S, 0.005% Zn, and 0.01% (Ni + Co). There are only a few applications where pure tin is used. Unalloyed tin is the most practical lining material for handling high-purity water...
Book Chapter

By Peter L. Andresen
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002362
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... ) and the general fatigue life behavior of engineering component applications ( Fig. 2 , 3 ). Many environments can produce a profound increase in crack growth rates, including seemingly innocuous environments such as high-purity water, laboratory air, and very low partial pressures of oxygen, hydrogen, or water...
Book Chapter

By Mary Oakley, Wayne Chandler
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006511
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
...% Mg and on high-purity aluminum. Comparing Chemical and Electrolytic Brightening Because of improvements in chemical brightening (bright dipping) processes, brightening results are equivalent to those obtained by electrolytic brightening (electropolishing) processes, with the exception...
Book Chapter

By Christopher A. Pohl
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006630
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
..., a neutron-flux-moderating additive, is incorporated into the high-purity water that recirculates through the reactor core. Anion-Exchange Eluents in Nonsuppressed Ion Chromatography To minimize background conductivity using nonsuppressed IC, eluents are chosen on the basis of conductivity and elution...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006081
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... an additional melting/refining step that uses a ladle refining furnace to more precisely control alloying additions and improve the control of nonmetallic inclusions. Additionally, one manufacturer uses high-purity molten Fe-3%C from an on-site smelter. The refined melt is atomized using high-pressure water...
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Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 1089 The external surface (top) and the corrosion-fatigue fracture surface (bottom) of a solution-treated and peak-aged Al-5.6Zn-1.9Mg sample tested in high-purity deaerated water. SEM, 100× (R.E. Ricker, University of Notre Dame, and D.J. Duquette, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) More