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Valve springs made from patented and drawn high-carbon steel wire. Distorte...

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in Analysis of Distortion and Deformation > Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 6 Valve springs made from patented and drawn high-carbon steel wire. Distorted outer spring (left) exhibited about 25% set because of proeutectoid ferrite in the microstructure and high operating temperature. Outer spring (right) is satisfactory. More
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High-carbon steel, quenched in the hot stage at a rate that allowed some pe...

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in Light Microscopy > Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 53 High-carbon steel, quenched in the hot stage at a rate that allowed some pearlite (smooth areas) to form before the martensite (rough areas). In hot-stage microscopy, phase transformations are observed by the relief produced at the surface of the specimen, (b) shows the same area More
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Microstructure of a porous high-carbon steel powder metallurgy specimen inf...

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in Color Metallography > Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 1 Microstructure of a porous high-carbon steel powder metallurgy specimen infiltrated with copper showing the natural color of the copper, which is easier to see when the steel has been tint etched (revealing coarse plate martensite and retained austenite) More
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Microstructure of 5.0 mm (0.2 in.) patented high-carbon steel wire in a lea...

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in Wire Cooling Curve Analysis > Steel Heat Treating Technologies
Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 5 Microstructure of 5.0 mm (0.2 in.) patented high-carbon steel wire in a lead bath at 505 °C (940 °F) using scanning electron microscopy. (a) Very fine pearlite. (b) Fine lamellar cementite More
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Cross-section of a surface-hardened high-carbon steel automotive spindle

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in Bearing Steels > Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 1 Cross-section of a surface-hardened high-carbon steel automotive spindle More
Image

Valve springs made from patented and drawn high-carbon steel wire. Distorte...

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in Analysis of Distortion and Deformation[1] > Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 6 Valve springs made from patented and drawn high-carbon steel wire. Distorted outer spring (a) exhibited approximately 25% set because of proeutectoid ferrite in the microstructure and high operating temperature. Outer spring (b) is satisfactory More
Book Chapter

Calculation of Hardenability in High-Carbon Steels

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005801
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract Hardenability of steel depends on carbon content and other alloying elements as well as on the grain size of the austenite phase. This article provides information on the calculation of high-carbon (carburized) steel hardenability. It contains tables that list multiplying factors...
Abstract
Hardenability of steel depends on carbon content and other alloying elements as well as on the grain size of the austenite phase. This article provides information on the calculation of high-carbon (carburized) steel hardenability. It contains tables that list multiplying factors that are used for the calculation of case hardenability of carburizing steels and the hardenability of high-carbon steels hardened after a prior normalize or quench treatment. The article reviews the derivation and limitations of multiplying factors.
View PDF for content titled, Calculation of Hardenability in <span class="search-highlight">High</span>-<span class="search-highlight">Carbon</span> <span class="search-highlight">Steels</span>
Book Chapter

High-Carbon Steels: Atlas of Fractographs

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Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0000607
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
... Abstract This article is an atlas of fractographs that helps in understanding the causes and mechanisms of fracture of high-carbon steels and in identifying and interpreting the morphology of fracture surfaces. The fractographs illustrate the following: torsional fatigue fracture, hydrogen...
Abstract
This article is an atlas of fractographs that helps in understanding the causes and mechanisms of fracture of high-carbon steels and in identifying and interpreting the morphology of fracture surfaces. The fractographs illustrate the following: torsional fatigue fracture, hydrogen-embrittlement fracture, fatigue crack propagation, and corrosion fatigue of components made from high-carbon steels. The high-carbon steel components include bull gear, drive shaft, power boiler stoker grate, steel wheel, spring wire, suspension spring, automotive engine valve spring, power spring, cantilever-type spring, railroad rail, and seamless drill pipe.
View PDF for content titled, <span class="search-highlight">High</span>-<span class="search-highlight">Carbon</span> <span class="search-highlight">Steels</span>: Atlas of Fractographs
Image

Time-temperature relation in tempering high-carbon steels (with carbon leve...

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in Tempering of Steels[1] > Steel Heat Treating Fundamentals and Processes
Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 13 Time-temperature relation in tempering high-carbon steels (with carbon levels from 0.90 to 1.20%). Source: Ref 21 More
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Hot hardness of homogeneous high-carbon steels for service above 150 °C (30...

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in Bearing Steels > Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 17 Hot hardness of homogeneous high-carbon steels for service above 150 °C (300 °F). The line at 58 HRC indicates the maximum service temperature at which a basic dynamic load capacity of about 2100 MPa (300 ksi) can be supported in bearings and gears. Source: Ref 9 More
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Hot hardness of homogeneous high-carbon steels for service above 150 °C (30...

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in Bearing Steels > Metals Handbook Desk Edition
Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 5 Hot hardness of homogeneous high-carbon steels for service above 150 °C (300 °F). The dashed line at 58 HRC indicates the maximum service temperature at which a basic dynamic load capacity of about 2100 MPa (300 ksi) can be supported in bearings and gears More
Image

Springback of a carbon steel and a high-strength low-alloy steel

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in Forming of Carbon Steels > Metalworking: Sheet Forming
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 39 Springback of a carbon steel and a high-strength low-alloy steel More
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Oxidation of carbon steel and high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel in air. ...

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in High-Temperature Gaseous Corrosion > Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 3 Oxidation of carbon steel and high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel in air. Source: Ref 2 More
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Wear of mild steel (MS), high-carbon low-alloy steel (HCLA), and austenitic...

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in Aqueous Corrosion-Wear Interactions > Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 3 Wear of mild steel (MS), high-carbon low-alloy steel (HCLA), and austenitic stainless steel (SS-A) balls as a function of pyrrhotite addition under different aeration conditions. Source: Ref 10 More
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Four fractured, hardened etch disks of a high-carbon (1.3% C) tool steel th...

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in Visual Examination and Light Microscopy > Fractography
Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 113 Four fractured, hardened etch disks of a high-carbon (1.3% C) tool steel that contained excessive graphite (dark regions) due to an accidental aluminum addition. About 0.5× More
Image

Pearlite microstructure of high-carbon (0.95% C) steel with ferrite (white)...

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in Machining of Carbon and Alloy Steels > Machining
Published: 01 January 1989
Fig. 2 Pearlite microstructure of high-carbon (0.95% C) steel with ferrite (white) and cementite (black) platelets. Etched with 4% picral. 500× More
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High-carbon tool steel etched with boiling alkaline sodium picrate to color...

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in Color Metallography > Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 19 High-carbon tool steel etched with boiling alkaline sodium picrate to color the cementite. Note the lighter-colored carbides in the segregation streak. These probably contain a small amount of molybdenum, present in this steel. More
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Microstructure of high-carbon type 430 stainless steel with a duplex marten...

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in Metallography and Microstructures of Stainless Steels and Maraging Steels[1] > Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 39 Microstructure of high-carbon type 430 stainless steel with a duplex martensite-ferrite grain structure, revealed using (a) glyceregia, (b) Beraha's tint etch, and (c) aqueous 60% HNO 3 at 1 V dc for 60 s More
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Micrograph of a high-carbon (≈0.85% C) carburized steel case in AISI 86 xx ...

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in Carburizing > Friction, Lubrication, and Wear Technology
Published: 31 December 2017
Fig. 3 Micrograph of a high-carbon (≈0.85% C) carburized steel case in AISI 86 xx -series steel showing plate martensite (dark needles) and retained austenite (light etching areas). This specimen measured 37% retained austenite by x-ray diffraction at the surface. More
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Method of heating high-carbon-chromium steel ingots and the calculated corr...

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in Modeling of Quenching, Residual-Stress Formation, and Quench Cracking > Metals Process Simulation
Published: 01 November 2010
Fig. 83 Method of heating high-carbon-chromium steel ingots and the calculated corresponding values of thermal stresses and plastic strain in the core. (Subscripts r, t, and z are radial, tangential, and axial stresses and strains, respectively.) Source: Ref 178 More