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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 6 Type I high-temperature hot corrosion. D is the external deposit, which also contains oxidation products. O is the internally oxidized metal. S is the layer of sulfides. B is the base metal. As-polished More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0004050
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... Abstract This article describes the specific features and mechanisms of oxidation in thermal spray coatings. It discusses the two forms of hot corrosion in sulfur-containing combustion, namely high-temperature hot corrosion and low-temperature hot corrosion. The article reviews the behavior...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004158
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... in the form of high-temperature oxidation and hot corrosion are predominant. The effect of high-temperature oxidation and hot corrosion on the mechanical properties of superalloys is also discussed. aqueous corrosion combustor corrosion high-temperature oxidation hot corrosion industrial gas...
Image
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 22 Schematic diagram of shipboard engine corrosion rates of type I and type II hot corrosion versus temperature in a marine environment compared with the Arrhenius oxidation rate versus temperature. LTHC, low-temperature hot corrosion; HTHC, high-temperature hot corrosion. Courtesy of U.S More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004124
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
.... Contamination of combustion fuel in diesel engines can cause high-temperature corrosion. Gas turbine engines are affected by hot corrosion. Refractory-lined incinerators and alloy-lined incinerators are discussed. The article provides case studies for each component failure. boilers diesel engines...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003555
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... coatings, thermal barrier coatings, and ceramic coatings. aluminide coatings carburization ceramic coatings chloridation corrosion fatigue high temperature corrosion hot corrosion hydrogen interaction metal dusting molten metals molten salts overlay coatings oxidation protective coatings...
Book Chapter

By Robert A. Rapp
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003593
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Abstract Metals and ceramics exposed to high-temperature salt solutions are susceptible to a form of corrosion caused by fused salts accumulating on unprotected surfaces. This article examines the electrochemistry of such hot corrosion processes, focusing on sodium sulfate systems generated...
Book Chapter

By David A. Shifler
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003671
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Abstract This article provides information on the thermodynamics and kinetics of high-temperature corrosion. The thermodynamics of high-temperature corrosion reactions reveals what reactions are possible under certain conditions and kinetics explains how fast these possible reactions...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006787
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... Abstract High-temperature corrosion can occur in numerous environments and is affected by various parameters such as temperature, alloy and protective coating compositions, stress, time, and gas composition. This article discusses the primary mechanisms of high-temperature corrosion, namely...
Book Chapter

By Russell D. Kane
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003611
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... the various forms of high-temperature gaseous corrosion, namely, high-temperature oxidation, sulfidation, carburization, corrosion by hydrogen, and hot corrosion. oxidizing gas corrosion liquid electrolyte high-temperature gaseous corrosion high-temperature oxidation sulfidation carburization...
Book Chapter

By Kevin Wiens
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006824
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... used in the laboratory portion of the failure investigation are mentioned in the failure examples. The topics covered are creep, localized overheating, thermal-mechanical fatigue, high-cycle fatigue, fretting wear, erosive wear, high-temperature oxidation, hot corrosion, liquid metal embrittlement...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003551
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... solutions, and molten metals, but no further generalizations can be made from the specific studies that they reviewed because of limitations in the scope of the studies. Corrosion by Hot Gases The S + G reactions discussed subsequently refer to oxidation at high temperatures in air and oxygen...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 January 2025
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0007042
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... of definition of some critical parameters. Corrosion by Hot Gases The S + G reactions discussed subsequently refer to oxidation at high temperatures in air and oxygen, gaseous corrosion in the presence of condensed deposits, and reduction or oxidation by hot gases, CO (G), H 2 (G), H 2 S (G), and H 2 O...
Book Chapter

By Thomas J. Langill
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003689
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
..., CO 2 , Cl − Calcium, magnesium Low Very good Moderate Soft with free air supply Oxygen, CO 2 … High Good High Soft or distilled with poor air supply Oxygen … Very high Very poor Very high Source: Ref 12 Water Temperature The corrosion rate of zinc in water...
Book Chapter

By Chester J. Van Tyne, John Walters
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005884
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
.... At low temperatures the microstructure of steel is often in the ferrite plus iron carbide phase field; at high temperatures the microstructure is in the austenite phase field. The different phases indicate differences in crystal structure, but more importantly differences in properties. Hot and warm...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003142
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... about 0.3% O 2 . Hot Salt Corrosion Titanium and titanium alloys can be damaged by halogenated compounds at temperatures above 260 °C (500 °F). Chloride salts—especially sodium chloride—can be detrimental. Residual salts cause surface pitting, or even cracking of certain alloys under high tensile...
Book Chapter

By Michael J. Cieslak
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001413
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... environments exceeding 650 °C (1200 °F) where aqueous corrosives do not exist. At these elevated temperatures, oxidation, sulfidation, and carburization/decarburization are the environmental effects of consequence. High-temperature mechanical strength, creep and stress-rupture resistance, and microstructural...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002473
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... Abstract Alloys intended for use in high-temperature environments rely on the formation of a continuous, compact, slow-growing oxide layer for oxidation, and hot corrosion resistance. This article focuses on the issues related to high-temperature oxidation of superalloys used in gas turbine...
Book Chapter

By Donald Wetzel
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001272
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
..., diffusion, and subsequent cooling. Small differences in coating composition, bath temperature, time of immersion, and rate of cooling or subsequent reheating can result in significant changes in the appearance and properties of the coating. Hot dip galvanized coatings are produced on a variety of steel...
Book

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.9781627081832
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2