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Book Chapter

By Sia Nemat-Nasser
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003293
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
..., Bertram Hopkinson. Based on these contributions and also on an important paper by R.M. Davies, H. Kolsky invented the split-Hopkinson pressure bar, which allows the deformation of a sample of a ductile material at a high strain rate, while maintaining a uniform uniaxial state of stress within the sample...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003298
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... materials. These techniques include the data-reduction techniques and assumptions required to use polymer pressure bars, the importance of sample-size considerations to polymer testing, and temperature-control methodologies to measure the high-strain-rate uniaxial stress response of polymers and other soft...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003299
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... results obtained from SHPB testing of ceramics, and effectiveness of the proposed modifications. split Hopkinson pressure bar testing ceramics incident pulse shaping specimen design stress-strain relationship high strength brittle ceramics plastic properties high strain rate SPLIT...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003296
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... high rate uniaxial stress mechanical property tensile Hopkinson bar EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES in characterizing the behavior of materials at high rates of strain are concerned with measuring the change in mechanical properties, such as yield strength, work hardening, and ductility, which can vary...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001297
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... for secondary creep rate ( ε ˙ ) = constant σ n can be applied, where ε ˙ is the stain rate, σ is the stress, and n is the stress exponent. The latter is close to the one found by uniaxial creep testing of films (see the section “Uniaxial Creep Testing of Films” in this article). Fig...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006282
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... = μ p / 1 − μ p High values of R indicate anisotropy and high resistance to thinning in a biaxial stress field. Table 3 contains uniaxial tensile, biaxial tensile, and R values for several titanium alloys. The ratio of the biaxial tensile ultimate strength (BTU...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003291
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... principal stresses) and does not work if TF is negative. The exponential Eq 32 gives lower multiaxial ductility values at small and negative values of h and is more conservative at high degrees of multiaxiality. Both curves go through the uniaxial point, which is TF = 1 and h = 1 3 ( Fig. 8...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003286
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... to rapidly generate creep data over several orders of magnitude in strain rate. Creep properties have for the most part been studied under uniaxial stress conditions in which the loading is applied parallel to the longitudinal axis of a cylindrical or plate specimen. Although uniaxial stress experiments...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006807
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... creep testing and remaining-life assessment, and pressure vessel time-dependent stress analysis showing the effect of stress relaxation at hot spots. creep curve creep testing elevated-temperature life assessment heater tubes high-temperature components hydrogen attacks remaining-life...
Book Chapter

By David L. McDowell
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002366
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... 1045 steel and Inconel 718 under various stress states, ranging from torsion to uniaxial to internal/external pressure. McDowell and Poindexter ( Ref 58 ) extended this approach to address the dependence of the crack propagation rate on stress state and on crack length normalized by transition crack...
Book Chapter

By D.A. Woodford
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003290
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... design issue is in high temperature bolting. After being initially torqued to ensure joint tightness the stress progressively relaxes at a rate that depends on the creep strength of the material. For major components such as steam turbine shell flanges, it is essential to avoid leakage by periodic bolt...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005421
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... but simultaneously occurring stages, that is, nucleation, growth, and coalescence. An important requirement for cavitation during deformation under either conventional hot working (high-strain-rate) conditions or superplastic forming is the presence of a tensile stress. Under conditions of homogeneous compression...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003261
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... uniaxial tension test uniaxial compression test plastic deformation strain tension specimen stress-strain curve ductility notch tensile tests compression tests Tensile load Compressive load Strain Rate THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS is described by their deformation and fracture...
Book Chapter

By P.D. Nicolaou, R.E. Bailey, S.L. Semiatin
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0009010
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... to a locally higher strain rate and thus to an increase in the flow stress in the necked region due to strain-rate hardening. Such strain-rate hardening inhibits further development of the strain concentration in the neck. Thus, a high strain-rate sensitivity imparts a high resistance to necking and leads...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003295
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... determined by torsion tests on a variety of materials compare more or less well with those determined by axial tests. Another advantage of torsion testing at high strain rates is the absence of geometric dispersion. When an axial stress pulse (tension or compression) travels down a cylindrical bar...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0009012
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... on the surface of the extrusion billet. Such high strain rates may lead to hot shortness. The results show that slight differences in flow stress exist ( Fig. 4 ), but for the limited number of specimens tested, the differences between treatments are not statistically significant. However, the ε f data...
Book Chapter

By G. Subhash
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003302
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... established in high-strain-rate literature (e.g., Ref 4 ) that plastic properties of materials are strongly a function of strain rate for a vast majority of materials. The use of static hardness as a measure of yield stress, for example, in a high-speed machining process or under high-velocity impact...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003254
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... is reconsidered, the elevated stress and strain fields may accelerate the nucleation of secondary voids. The void growth rate will also increase proportionally to the level of the triaxial stresses, resulting in reduced ductility for notched samples compared to smooth, uniaxial tensile specimens ( Ref 30 , 31...
Book Chapter

By Sia Nemat-Nasser, Jon Isaacs, Jacob Rome
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003301
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... PROPERTIES AND FAILURE MODES of many materials, particularly brittle materials, are dramatically affected by stress triaxiality. This has been demonstrated through various laboratory experiments, since the early work of Bridgman ( Ref 1 ), who demonstrated several failure modes peculiar to high pressures...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006946
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... and direction of crack propagation. Stress State and Strain Rate For many engineering materials, fracture behavior and fracture appearance are affected by the applied stress state. A uniaxial stress state is most easily understood and is often the condition that many common mechanical property tests...