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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005627
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... welding electrons focused beam diameter high energy density electron welding keyhole-mode welding laser beam welding photons power density boundary HIGH ENERGY DENSITY BEAM WELDING refers to electron or laser processes where a beam of electrons or photons, respectively, can be focused to power...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005603
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... simplified and detailed heat-source models that have been used in the modeling of arc welding, high-energy-density welding, and resistance welding. arc welding direct heat source electric arc welding electron beam welding fusion welding gas metal arc welding gas tungsten arc welding heat-source...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001369
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Electron-beam welding (EBW) is a high-energy density fusion process that is accomplished by bombarding the joint to be welded with an intense (strongly focused) beam of electrons that have been accelerated up to velocities 0.3 to 0.7 times the speed of light at 25 to 200 kV...
Book Chapter

By Gerald A. Knorovsky
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005639
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... beam microwelding fluid flow heat flow high energy density beam laser beam laser beam microwelding laser droplet welding laser spike welding melting microjoining microjoints microwelds postweld metrology SHADOW welding solidification MICROJOINING with high energy density beams...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005615
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... ELECTRON BEAM WELDING (EBW) is a high energy density beam welding process that is accomplished by bombarding the joint to be welded with an intense beam of electrons that have been accelerated up to velocities 0.3 to 0.7 times the speed of light at 30 to 200 kV, respectively. Some of the details were given...
Book Chapter

By Robert W. Messler, Jr.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005552
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... of the (a) melt-in or conduction versus (b) keyhole modes in high-energy-density welding processes, including plasma arc welding, electron beam welding, and laser beam welding. Source: Ref 2 As the beam energy source moves along (at the welding speed), the molten material surrounding the vapor cavity...
Book Chapter

By Tim Webber, Thomas Lieb, J. Mazumder
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005641
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
.../in. 2 ). (See the article “Introduction to High Energy Density Electron and Laser Beam Welding” in this Volume for an introduction to the nature of laser beam radiation.) Lasers have been promoted as potentially useful welding tools for a variety of applications. By 1965, a variety of laser...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001481
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... modeling of the welding heat source is generally complex, because of the nature of energy transfer to the workpiece, whether the source of that energy is an arc, a high-energy-density beam of electrons or laser light, or joule heating. For numerical modeling purposes, heat input to the weldment is usually...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001419
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... conditions such as high energy density and minimum energy input, that increase the temperature gradients in both the fusion zone and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and increase the overall weld cooling rate, will be required to minimize the widths of the partially melted region and the HAZ. Such welding...
Book Chapter

By Jyoti Mazumder
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001370
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Laser-beam welding (LBW) uses a moving high-density coherent optical energy source, called laser, as the source of heat. This article discusses the advantages and limitations of LBW and tabulates energy consumption and efficiency of LBW relative to other selected welding processes...
Image
Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 15 Schematic illustration of the (a) melt-in or conduction versus (b) keyhole modes in high-energy-density welding processes, including plasma arc welding, electron beam welding, and laser beam welding. Source: Ref 2 More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003208
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... in that nonferrous filler metals are used, and bonding is achieved without melting the base metal. Braze welding resembles welding because it can be used for filling grooves and for building up fillets as required. Electron Beam Welding ELECTRON BEAM WELDING (EBW) is a high-energy-density fusion process...
Book Chapter

By J.F. Key
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001336
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... and location. Anode Welding process parameters (for example, current and voltage) control the arc discharge at the cathode. Although the electron flow enters the anode through the anode spot and constitutes 85% of the energy going into the weld pool, thus making current density the single most important...
Image
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 7 2.25Cr-1Mo steel plate, single-pass electron beam weld. Heat input: 0.5 MJ/m. Macrostructure shows high depth-to-width ratio of the fusion zone, which is typical of high-energy density welding processes. Etchant: 85 mL H 2 O + 15 mL HNO 3 + 5 mL methanol. Magnification: 2.8× More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24.a0006545
EISBN: 978-1-62708-290-7
... various aspects of the GMAW process ( Ref 29 – 31 ). Laser In contrast to arc welding processes, electron beam and laser welding are distinguished by their capability to impart a very high energy density. The amount of focused energy directed at a substrate can easily exceed 10 9 W/m 2...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005611
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... for welding. However, this powerful energy concentration is easily controlled in power magnitude (accelerating voltage and beam current), power density (defocused beam), and beam position (computer-controlled deflection). The extremely high power density in the EB focal spot combined with the constant...
Book Chapter

By Thomas W. Eagar
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001332
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... in Fig. 3 can be generated. Heat sources with power densities that are of the order of 1000 W/cm 2 , such as oxyacetylene flames or electro-slag welding, require interaction times of 25 s with steel, whereas laser and electron beams, at 1 MW/cm 2 , need interaction times on the order of only 25 μs...
Book Chapter

By Erik Miller, Shuang Liu
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006502
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... LASER BEAM WELDING (LBW) uses high-density coherent optical energy, such that the coherent nature of the laser beam allows it to be focused to a small spot, leading to high energy densities of 10 5 to 10 7 W/cm 2 (6 × 10 5 to 6 × 10 7 W/in. 2 ). Until the 1970s, laser welding had been restricted...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001445
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... and special practices related to LBW will be discussed. Process Selection Laser-beam welding is characterized by its low distortion and low specific energy input. It is an accurate inertialess method capable of high welding speeds for most materials, including many difficult-to-join materials...
Book Chapter

By R. Alan Patterson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001351
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Alloys Bonded to Austenitic Stainless Steel , High Energy Rate Fabrication , Meyers M.A. and Schroeder J.W. , Ed., Vol 70 , ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Div. , 1982 , p 15 – 27 15. Chadwick M.D. , Howd D. , Wildsmith G. , and Cairns J.H. , Br. Weld. J...