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Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003203
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract Heat treating of stainless steel produces changes in physical condition, mechanical properties, and residual stress level and restores maximum corrosion resistance when that property has been adversely affected by previous fabrication or heating. This article focuses on annealing...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003510
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... during heat treating and describes the metallurgical sources of stress and distortion during heating and cooling. The article summarizes the effect of materials and the quench-process design on distortion and cracking and details the effect of cooling characteristics on residual stress and distortion...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005782
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract Stress-relief heat treating of steel is the uniform heating of a structure to a suitable temperature below the transformation range, holding at this temperature for a predetermined period of time, followed by uniform cooling. This article provides information on the sources of residual...
Book

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.9781627081689
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
Book Chapter

By Robert Hackenberg
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006256
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... designs used for heating or heat treating of unalloyed uranium: molten salt baths, inert-atmosphere furnaces, and vacuum furnaces. Finally, it presents procedures that are examples of heat treatment used to meet certain specifications of ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006258
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... in an inert atmosphere and then T6 heat treated to develop their mechanical properties. Magnesium-Lithium Alloys Magnesium-lithium alloys are the lightest structural metals with excellent deformability and have shown superplasticity ( Ref 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ). The phase diagram in Fig. 7...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006275
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... Abstract This article discusses the various heat treating processes, namely, solid-solution hardening, solution treating, solution aging and dispersion hardening, for low-melting-point alloys such as lead alloys, tin-rich alloys, and zinc alloys. Heat treating of tin-rich alloys has been...
Book Chapter

By Trevor Abbott
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006254
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
..., stress relieving, solution treating and aging, and reheat treating. The article also discusses the preventive measures for the common problems encountered in heat treating magnesium alloys; and the evaluation of the effectiveness of heat treating procedures. In addition, it presents the processing steps...
Book Chapter

By Sabit Ali
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006280
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... conducted below the annealing temperatures, is briefly mentioned in this article, with more details also given in the article “Heat Treating of Copper and Copper Alloys” in this Volume. Large casting also may be annealed for property improvement or heat treated to relieve stresses. Homogenizing of cast...
Book Chapter

By Sabit Ali
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006281
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... of tin in α-phase copper at room temperature is much lower, but the rate of reaction at low temperature is very sluggish, which makes heat treating these bronzes not economical. Tin broadens the freezing range far more than zinc does. The wide freezing range of the copper-tin system causes these phosphor...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006250
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... that can be hardened by heat treatment. Only a relatively small portion of the total number of nonferrous alloys responds significantly to hardening by heat treatment (see also the article “Heat Treatable Nonferrous Alloys” in this Volume). The most common heat treating procedure for hardening...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006276
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... Abstract This article provides information on the Unified Numbering System designations and temper designations of copper and copper alloys. It discusses the basic types of heat treating processes of copper and copper alloys, namely, homogenizing, annealing, and stress relieving, and hardening...
Book Chapter

By Charles Carson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006283
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... Abstract This article provides a detailed discussion on heat treatment of titanium alloys such as alpha alloys, alpha-beta alloys, and beta and near-beta alloys. Common processes include stress-relief, annealing, solution treating, aging, quenching, and age hardening. It provides information...
Book Chapter

By J.L. Dossett
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005943
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... Abstract This article presents a simple cost/pricing system that is reasonably accurate and could easily be recalculated if the yearly cost of any of the basic cost components change. Using the example of a commercial heat treating facility, the operational details are categorized as atmosphere...
Book Chapter

By Alexey Sverdlin
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005957
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... Abstract Furnaces are one of the most versatile types of industrial appliances that span many different areas of use. This article discusses the classification of various furnaces used in heat treating based on the mode of operation (batch-type furnaces and continuous-type furnaces...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005968
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... Abstract The heat treatment of steel involves a number of processes (such as stress relieving, normalizing, annealing etc) to condition the microstructure and obtain desired properties. This article discusses typical heat treating process control procedures for carbon and low-alloy steels...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005967
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... Abstract Of the various thermal processing methods for steel, heat treating has the greatest overall impact on control of residual stress and on dimensional control. This article provides an overview of the effects of material- and process-related parameters on the various types of failures...
Book Chapter

By Peter Sherwin
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005925
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... Abstract Temperature control in heat treating is of paramount importance in maintaining the quality and achieving the desired metallurgical results. This article provides a detailed account of the factors affecting temperature control in heat treating furnaces, with information on temperature...
Book Chapter

By Jim Oakes, John Lutz
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005928
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... Abstract The atmosphere within a furnace chamber is a basic factor in achieving the desired chemical reactions with metals during heat treating. This article presents the fundamentals of heat treating atmospheres, and describes two groups of atmosphere control, namely, furnace atmosphere...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005930
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... Abstract This article reviews high-temperature corrosion of furnace parts used in heat-treating furnaces. It provides a comparison of cast and wrought materials in the context of their general considerations, advantages, and applications. The article provides information on the heat-resistant...