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Image
Radiation heat loss as a function of surface temperature. Losses are based ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2013
Fig. 27 Radiation heat loss as a function of surface temperature. Losses are based on blackbody radiation into surroundings at 20 °C (70 °F). Source: Ref 19
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Image
Convection and thermal radiation heat losses versus temperature in typical ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 November 2010
Fig. 22 Convection and thermal radiation heat losses versus temperature in typical induction heating applications. Source: Ref 32
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Image
Fracture surface from a heat treated alloy steel wheel spindle. Radiating r...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 June 2024
Fig. 2 Fracture surface from a heat treated alloy steel wheel spindle. Radiating ridges point to fracture initiation at a heavily deposited, blackened area. Visual examination of the fracture clearly indicated the appropriate location for further analysis. The scale is in 1/16 in.
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Image
Schematic of a wet-hearth reverberatory furnace heated by conventional foss...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 1998
Fig. 12 Schematic of a wet-hearth reverberatory furnace heated by conventional fossil fuel showing the position of the hydrogen and oxygen gases relative to the molten metal bath. Arrows indicate heat radiated from top of furnace chamber.
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Image
Elements of inductor-crucible furnace construction. (a) General view with c...
Available to PurchasePublished: 09 June 2014
Fig. 4 Elements of inductor-crucible furnace construction. (a) General view with ceramic shield for reduction of heat radiation. (b) Water-cooled inductor-crucible loop with slit. (c) Water-cooled bottom. (d) The finger for reduction of effects of the slit inductor-crucible loop
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005878
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... of the temperature field at the initial time ( t = 0), that is, the time when temperature begins to change, and then description of the heat transfer between a basic element of the system and its surroundings. There are two kinds of heat exchange: convection and radiation. These two kinds of energy exchange occur...
Abstract
Temperature is a typical parameter characterizing the heating level of any particle belonging to a heated body. The basic problem of heat transfer computation is associated with appropriate determination of heat transfer coefficients. This article provides a discussion on the basic equations, initial and boundary conditions, and multiple reflection phenomena of mathematical modeling. These boundary conditions include the Dirichlet, Neumann, and Henkel conditions.
Book Chapter
Heat-Transfer Equations
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005993
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
...-world problems, accounting for material properties, environmental variables, boundary and state conditions, and the primary modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. The article also includes reference data and provides closed-form solutions for common heat-transfer applications...
Abstract
This article is a comprehensive collection of formulas, tables, and analytical solutions, addressing hundreds of heat-transfer scenarios encountered in science and engineering. With detailed explanations and dimensioned drawings, the article demonstrates how to set up and solve real-world problems, accounting for material properties, environmental variables, boundary and state conditions, and the primary modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. The article also includes reference data and provides closed-form solutions for common heat-transfer applications such as insulated pipes, cooling fins, radiation shields, and composite structures and configurations.
Book Chapter
Heat-Transfer Equations
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005449
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
..., environmental variables, boundary and state conditions, and the primary modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. heat-transfer equations boundary condition heat conduction momentum transfer heat radiation convection heat transfer heat transfer modes HEAT TRANSFER is energy...
Abstract
This article is a comprehensive collection of formulas, tables, and analytical solutions, addressing hundreds of heat-transfer scenarios encountered in science and engineering. It also demonstrates how to set up and solve real-world problems, while accounting for material properties, environmental variables, boundary and state conditions, and the primary modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Book: Thermal Spray Technology
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005717
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... and ventilation and heat exhaust. The article provides information on the personal protective equipment for eyes and skin from radiation, and ears from noise. It also discusses other potential safety hazards associated with thermal spraying, namely, magnetic fields and infrasound. dust collector fume gas...
Abstract
The hazards associated with thermal spray deposition processes include ultraviolet and infrared radiation; acoustical noise; and by-product production in the forms of nitrous oxides, ozone, fumes, and dust. The most important consideration in health and safety is to use the engineered controls of hazards. This article provides a brief description of the spray booth, the most commonly used engineering tool to separate the operator from the thermal spray process and confine the associated hazards. It also presents guidelines on the proper and safe handling of industrial gases and ventilation and heat exhaust. The article provides information on the personal protective equipment for eyes and skin from radiation, and ears from noise. It also discusses other potential safety hazards associated with thermal spraying, namely, magnetic fields and infrasound.
Book: Corrosion: Materials
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003844
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... (solar radiation, heat and temperature variation, and nuclear radiation), permeation (moisture, solvent retention, chemical, and oxygen), stress (drying and curing, vibration, and impact and abrasion), and biological influences (microbiological and macrobiological). coatings paints protective...
Abstract
Paints and protective coatings are the most common means of protecting materials from deterioration. This article focuses on coating degradation that results from the environmental interaction with the coatings. The major environmental influences of the degradation include energy (solar radiation, heat and temperature variation, and nuclear radiation), permeation (moisture, solvent retention, chemical, and oxygen), stress (drying and curing, vibration, and impact and abrasion), and biological influences (microbiological and macrobiological).
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003478
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... heat exchangers. aircraft heat exchangers carbon-carbon composites electronic thermal planes spacecraft radiators spacecraft thermal doublers spacecraft thermal shields spacecrafts CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES have historically been utilized for applications requiring ablation and high...
Abstract
This article presents an overview of the material properties of carbon-carbon composites. It provides information on the applications of carbon-carbon composites in electronic thermal planes, spacecraft thermal doublers, spacecraft thermal shields, spacecraft radiators, and aircraft heat exchangers.
Book Chapter
Thermal Inspection
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003239
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... devices and thermal devices. The response of the photon-effect devices depends on the wavelength of the received radiation; therefore, the output signal depends on the wavelength of the infrared signal. Thermal detectors respond only to the heating caused by the incoming radiation, and the output signal...
Abstract
Thermal inspection comprises all methods in which heat-sensing devices or substances are used to detect irregular temperatures. Inspection of workpieces can be used to detect flaws and undesirable distribution of heat during service. Though there are several methods of thermal inspection and many types of temperature-measuring devices and substances, this article focuses only on thermography, which is the mapping of isotherms, or contours of equal temperature, over a test surface, and on thermometry, which is the measurement of temperature. Thermography techniques can be classified as contact thermographic methods using cholesteric liquid crystals, thermally quenched phosphors, and heat-sensitive paints, and noncontact techniques using hand-held infrared scanners, high-resolution infrared imaging systems, and thermal wave interferometer systems. Contact thermometric inspection devices include bolometers, thermocouples, thermopiles, and meltable substances, whereas radiometers and pyrometers come under the noncontact category.
Book Chapter
Simulation of Induction Heating Prior to Hot Working and Coating
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005516
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
..., and frequency selection. It discusses three modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation, in induction heating. The article describes the factors affected by a distortion of the magnetic field at the coil end through a schematic illustration of distribution of three magnetic force components...
Abstract
The most popular metal hot working processes for which induction heating is applied are forging, forming, extrusion, and rolling. This article focuses on estimation techniques to determine basic induction heating process parameters, including coil power, length of heating line, and frequency selection. It discusses three modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation, in induction heating. The article describes the factors affected by a distortion of the magnetic field at the coil end through a schematic illustration of distribution of three magnetic force components experienced by the turns of the coil. It concludes with information on some case studies of numerical simulation.
Book Chapter
Welding in Space and Low-Gravity Environments
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001465
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
.... This heat will need to be dissipated through the spacecraft radiators or using separate radiators for the laser system. Because heat radiation from low-temperature systems is fairly slow, this may require large radiators to be installed for the laser system; thus the cost and payload weight of the system...
Abstract
Welding as an assembly process has become increasingly more attractive to designers of space structures because of its sufficient strength, endurance, reliability during their service lives, and ease of repair. This article reviews a variety of applications for welding in space and low-gravity environments and describes the unique aspects of the space environment. It compares the applicable welding processes, namely, electron-beam welding, laser-beam welding, and gas-tungsten arc welding and examines the metallurgy of low-gravity welds. Steps taken to ensure the continued development of welding technology in space are also discussed.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006453
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... the process of heat conduction, and the heat-conduction process is monitored by measuring emitted IR radiation at the sample surface using an IR camera. Thus, performance of TNDE requires that energy is transformed from one form to another at least twice (excitation to heat conduction to electromagnetic...
Abstract
Thermal nondestructive evaluation (TNDE) is an indirect process, so that regardless of the form of energy used to excite the sample, interaction with the internal structure of a part occurs through the process of heat conduction. This article discusses the steady-state configuration and selective excitation configuration of the signal-generation mechanisms in thermal nondestructive evaluation methods. The three widely used approaches to TNDE are surface-excited thermography, vibrothermography, and thermoelastic stress analysis. The article provides information on the common features, characteristics, and limitations of these approaches.
Image
Energy conversion in pulsed thermography. (a) A brief light pulse uniformly...
Available to Purchase
in Nondestructive Testing of Composites (Polymer- and Metal-Matrix Composites)[1]
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 38 Energy conversion in pulsed thermography. (a) A brief light pulse uniformly heats the sample surface. (b) Infrared radiation is emitted uniformly from the surface as thermal energy from the surface diffuses toward the interior of the sample. (c) Increased infrared radiation
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Image
Energy conversion in pulsed thermography. (a) A brief light pulse uniformly...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2001
Fig. 38 Energy conversion in pulsed thermography. (a) A brief light pulse uniformly heats the sample surface. (b) Infrared radiation is emitted uniformly from the surface as thermal energy from the surface diffuses toward the interior of the sample. (c) Increased infrared radiation
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005879
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... applied for temperature field calculations are the specific heat ( c ) and the thermal conductivity (λ), dependent on temperature. The parameters of heat transfer between the heated body and its surroundings are the convection heat transfer coefficient (α c ) and the radiation heat transfer coefficient (α...
Abstract
Induction heating computations deal with a multiphysics problem containing analysis of several coupled physical fields such as electromagnetic, temperature, mechanical, and metallurgical. In order to solve coupled electromagnetic-temperature field problems, it is necessary to develop suitable algorithms and numerical procedures, which make it possible to deal with these nonlinear coupled problems. This article focuses on the most common approaches to coupled electromagnetic and heat transfer problems, namely, weak-, quasi-, and hard-coupled formulations.
Book Chapter
Heating and Heat-Flow Simulation
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005529
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... Abstract This article provides information on the heat-source model, conduction heat-transfer model of parts and fixtures, and the radiation heat-transfer and convection heat-transfer models in a furnace. It describes the two types of furnaces used for heat treating: batch furnaces...
Abstract
This article provides information on the heat-source model, conduction heat-transfer model of parts and fixtures, and the radiation heat-transfer and convection heat-transfer models in a furnace. It describes the two types of furnaces used for heat treating: batch furnaces and continuous furnaces. The heating methods, such as direct-fired heating, radiant-tube heating, and electrical heating, are also discussed. Furnace temperature control is essential to ensure quality heat treatment. The article explains the operating procedure of the automatic temperature controllers used in most furnace operations. Heating simulations can be validated by comparison with measured results in full-scale furnaces. The article also presents several case studies to illustrate the use of the simulations.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005835
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... Abstract Induction heating is a combination of several interrelated physical phenomena, including heat transfer, electromagnetics, and metallurgy. This article presents a brief review of different heat transfer modes, namely, heat conduction, thermal radiation, and convection. It focuses...
Abstract
Induction heating is a combination of several interrelated physical phenomena, including heat transfer, electromagnetics, and metallurgy. This article presents a brief review of different heat transfer modes, namely, heat conduction, thermal radiation, and convection. It focuses on the specifics of induction heating and heat treating applications. The article discusses the nonlinear and interrelated nature of a particular heat transfer phenomenon, physical property, and skin effect. It also presents simple case studies and general physical laws governing different heat transfer modes. The article also discusses the basic concepts of direct current and alternating current circuits, and reviews the theory of electromagnetic fields.
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