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Book Chapter

Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005323
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... the properties and specifications of test bar. Properties of gray iron, such as fatigue limit, pressure tightness, impact resistance, machinability, and dimensional stability, at both room and elevated temperature, are reviewed. Wear behavior of gray iron castings during sliding contact under conditions...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006329
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... casting, with particular emphasis on the melting practices, molten metal treatment, and feeding of molten metal into sand molds. It discusses the castability factors, such as fluidity, shrinkage, and resistance, of gray iron. Typical cupola charge compositions and the final analyses for class 30 and class...
Book Chapter

By Marcin Górny
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006316
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... Abstract Thin-wall gray cast iron (TWGCI) can be seen as a potential material for the preparation of lightweight castings in automotive engineering applications. This article discusses the most important challenges for TWGCI: cooling rate, solidification, macrostructure, microstructure...
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 18 Location and magnitude of residual stresses in two gray iron castings More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 22 Location and magnitude of residual stresses in two gray iron castings More
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Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 16 Occurrence of blowhole defects in gray iron castings as a function of sulfur and manganese contents. Pouring temperature was constant at 1280 °C (2335 °F). Defective coatings had blowholes associated with manganese sulfide inclusions. Source: Ref 4 More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 11 Tensile stress-strain curves for class 20 to 50 gray iron casting. Source: Ref 17 More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 12 Tensile stress-strain curves for pearlite gray iron casting. Total strain is composed of plastic and elastic deformation components. Source: Ref 17 More
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Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 13 Large gray iron casting in which cracks were repaired by shielded metal arc welding. Source: Ref 3 More
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Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 20 Widmanstätten graphite in a gray iron casting. (a) At a lower original magnification (50×), it is difficult to observe this structure. (b) At a higher original magnification (400×), the Widmanstätten morphology becomes clearer. (c) At high original magnification (1000×), the geometric More
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Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 23 Microshrinkage in a thin section of a gray iron casting. (a) Void at arrow that developed when the liquid steadite was drawn into thicker sections of the casting. Unetched condition. (b) Same as (a) but in the etched (nital) condition. The light angular constituent is steadite More
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Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 7 Tensile stress-strain curves for pearlitic gray iron casting. Total strain is composed of plastic and elastic deformation components. Source: Ref 15 More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006321
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... Abstract Gray irons are a group of cast irons that form flake graphite during solidification, in contrast to the spheroidal graphite morphology of ductile irons. This article describes surface hardening of gray irons by flame and induction heating. It provides information on the classification...
Book Chapter

By Charles V. White
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001002
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... the suitability of an iron for pouring a particular casting. Mechanical property values obtained from test bars are sometimes the only available guides to the mechanical properties of the metal in production castings. Gray iron castings are used widely in pressure applications such as cylinder blocks, manifolds...
Book Chapter

By Doru M. Stefanescu
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006308
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... in the foundry: liquid metal preparation, solidification, and solid-state transformation. The article discusses the tensile properties of gray cast iron: tensile strength, yield strength, ductility, and modulus of elasticity. It describes hardness tests that are performed for determining the approximate strength...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2025
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12a.a0007063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-500-7
... Abstract This article presents fractographs that show evidence of overload and fatigue in gray cast irons. The overload failure section illustrates a fractured motor housing, valve body, and bracket with microvoid coalescence (dimpled rupture) in the metal matrix between graphite flakes...
Book Chapter

By J.L. Dossett, C.V. White
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005942
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... Abstract Gray irons are a group of cast irons that form flake graphite during solidification, in contrast to the spheroidal graphite morphology of ductile irons. The heat treatment of gray irons can considerably alter the matrix microstructure with little or no effect on the size and shape...
Book Chapter

By Richard B. Gundlach, John M. Tartaglia
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007035
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... Abstract The cast iron family includes several different groups, including gray iron, ductile iron, compacted graphite iron, malleable iron, white iron, and many different grades within each of these alloy groups. This article addresses issues specific to gray iron, but in many instances...
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 5 Schematic sketch of disc brake rotor illustrating the hat and the wear plate. Measurements were taken on 11 kg (24 lb) gray iron castings, one shaken out at ∼980 °C (∼1800 °F) and the other cooled in the sand mold. Courtesy of the American Foundry Society. Source: Ref 5 More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006338
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
..., nitrogen defects, and abnormal graphite morphology, found in gray iron. It concludes with a discussion on surface defects in compacted graphite iron. abnormal graphite morphology blowholes casting defects compacted graphite iron ductile cast iron gray iron hydrogen pinholes nitrogen defects...