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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005507
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... Abstract Grain boundaries are interfaces between crystallites of the same phase but different crystallographic orientation. They can be characterized as being low angle or high angle. This article discusses the measurements of grain-boundary energy with a brief summary of different schemes...
Abstract
Grain boundaries are interfaces between crystallites of the same phase but different crystallographic orientation. They can be characterized as being low angle or high angle. This article discusses the measurements of grain-boundary energy with a brief summary of different schemes for measuring grain-boundary surface tension. The atomistic simulations of grain-boundary energy, measurement of grain-boundary migration and the techniques used to monitor grain-boundary migration are reviewed. Several considerations and effects influencing the computation of grain-boundary mobility are also discussed.
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Published: 01 December 2009
Fig. 5 Resolution of grain boundary. (a) Continuous grain boundary. (b) Discretization of the grain boundary with a low resolution and (c) with a high resolution. The operations for the elimination of grain-boundary segments and introduction of new nodes, respectively, are shown.
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Published: 01 November 2010
Fig. 17 Computed dependence of the grain-boundary energy on its boundary inclination for different (a) <100> tilt boundaries and (b) <111> tilt boundaries in aluminum at 0 K. Source: Ref 39
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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 23 The grain-switching mechanism of Ashby and Verrall. Relative grain-boundary sliding produces a strain (c) without a change in shape of the grains (compare a with c). However, the intermediate step (b) of the process is associated with an increased grain-boundary area. Source: Ref 35
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 14 Junction (at arrow) of low-energy grain boundary with high-energy grain boundary in polycrystalline iron. 5% nital. 800×
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 23 The grain-switching mechanism of Ashby and Verrall. Relative grain-boundary sliding produces a strain (c) without a change in shape of the grains (compare a with c). However, the intermediate step (b) of the process is associated with an increased grain-boundary area. Source: Ref 35
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in Elevated-Temperature Life Assessment for Turbine Components, Piping, and Tubing
> Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 10 Metal carbide (MC) and grain-boundary film in a Waspaloy forging. The grain-boundary carbide films substantially reduce stress-rupture life. Transmission electron micrograph, 3400×
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Published: 01 November 2010
Fig. 14 Grain-boundary energy. (a) The energy, γ, of Σ3 <110> tilt grain boundaries in copper normalized by the surface energy, σ, as a function of inclination angle, ψ. The values calculated in Ref 34 are compared with both calculated values and measurements ( Ref 35 ). (b) Computed
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Published: 01 November 2010
Fig. 47 Arrhenius plot of grain-boundary (GB) mobility for [001] twist grain boundaries in copper. For the Σ29 GB (■), a high- and a low-temperature regime was found, as represented by the two different linear best data fits. Source: Ref 9
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 5 Weld metal microstructure of HSLA steel. A, grain-boundary ferrite; B, acicular ferrite; C, bainite; D, sideplate ferrite
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 10 Possible transport paths for a pore moving with a grain boundary: 1, vapor transport (evaporation and condensation); 2, surface diffusion; 3, lattice diffusion
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Published: 30 September 2015
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in Corrosion in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Operations
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 39 Depletion of carbon in pearlite colonies and formation of grain-boundary fissures due to high-temperature hydrogen attack of carbon steel. 140×
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Published: 01 January 2006
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in Effect of Irradiation on Stress-Corrosion Cracking and Corrosion in Light Water Reactors
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 16 Dose dependence of grain-boundary chromium concentration for several 300-series austenitic stainless steels irradiated at a temperature of about 300 °C (570 °F). Source: Ref 78 , Ref 79 , Ref 80 , Ref 81 , Ref 82 , Ref 83 , Ref 84 , Ref 85 , Ref 86
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in Effect of Irradiation on Stress-Corrosion Cracking and Corrosion in Light Water Reactors
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 17 Variation of the grain-boundary (GB) chromium concentration profile in commercial-purity type 304 stainless steel with dose for 3.2 MeV proton irradiation at 360 °C (680 °F). Source: Ref 86
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in Effect of Irradiation on Stress-Corrosion Cracking and Corrosion in Light Water Reactors
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 18 Effect of oversize solute on the grain-boundary chromium concentration following irradiation with electrons ( Ref 90 ), protons ( Ref 91 ), and neutrons ( Ref 92 )
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in Effect of Irradiation on Stress-Corrosion Cracking and Corrosion in Light Water Reactors
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 19 Effect of grain-boundary (GB) chromium content on intergranular stress-corrosion cracking (IGSCC) for (a) sensitized stainless steel (SS) and alloy 600 (Source Ref 96 ) and (b) irradiated stainless steels. SSR, slow strain rate.
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 26 Continuous grain-boundary precipitate in U-700 nickel-base heat-resistant alloy. Etched using HCl, ethanol, and H 2 O 2 . 500×. Source: Ref 8
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 13 7075 Al alloy. (a) The effect of grain boundary precipitate size on fracture toughness and fracture morphology. (b) Equilibrium grain boundary η-MgZn 2 precipitates at grain boundaries
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