Fig. 1 The mechanical action of rubbing, scraping, scratching, gouging, or erosion More

Fig. 20 Use of back gouging for complete penetration. (a) Complete penetration of weld with back gouging. (b) Incomplete penetration of weld prior to back gouging More

Fig. 21 Depth and contour of back gouging More

Fig. 23 Two types of gouging tips. (a) Tip for cutting flat grooves. (b) Tip for cutting round grooves More

Fig. 24 Weld groove formed from two J-grooves made by oxyacetylene gouging. Dimensions in inches Pressure of preheat oxygen 207 kPa (30 psi) Pressure of preheat acetylene 76 kPa (11 psi) Pressure of cutting oxygen at nozzle 152 kPa (22 psi) Consumption of cutting oxygen 184 More

Fig. 15 Cutaway view of a manual gouging torch with air flow on bottom of electrode More

Fig. 16 Automatic gouging unit More

Fig. 17 Flat gouging position More

Fig. 19 The Exo-Process for gouging More

Fig. 11 Relationship between resistance to gouging abrasion and toughness of various materials. Area A, wrought and cast low-alloy steels; area B, austenitic manganese steels; area C, variety of heat-treated steels; area D, high-chromium white cast irons. Source: Ref 8 More

Fig. 13 Relation between gouging wear and carbon content for various types of steel and cast iron. Source: Ref 8 More

Fig. 5 Relationship between resistance to gouging abrasion and toughness of various materials. Area A, wrought and cast low-alloy steels; area B, austenitic manganese steels; area C, variety of heat-treated steels; area D, high-chromium white cast irons More

Fig. 6 Relation between gouging wear and carbon content for various types of steel and cast iron More

Fig. 3 Cutaway view of a manual gouging torch with air flow on bottom of electrode More

Fig. 4 Automatic gouging unit More

Fig. 5 Flat gouging position More

Fig. 93 (a) Caustic gouging on transfer piping. (b) More highly stressed location, where caustic cracking was found on caustic transfer piping More

Fig. 13 Deep caustic gouging beneath heavy insulating deposits. Steam forming under the insulating deposit escapes and concentrates caustic capable of dissolving metal. Courtesy of NACE International More

Fig. 20 Optical micrograph of a cross section at the plate ring showing gouging abrasion. Notice the deep depressions with deformed material and cracks. More

Fig. 20 Optical micrograph of a cross section at the plate ring showing gouging abrasion. Notice the deep depressions with deformed material and cracks. More