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Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003571
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
..., wear study is separated as elastomers, thermosets, glassy thermoplastics, and semicrystalline thermoplastics. The article describes the effects of environment and lubricant on the wear failures of polymers. It presents a case study on nylon as a tribological material. The article explains the wear...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006850
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... Abstract This article presents the mechanisms of polymer wear and quantifies wear in terms of wear rate (rate of removal of the material). Interfacial and bulk wear are discussed as well as a discussion on the wear study of "elastomers," "thermosets," "glassy thermoplastics...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006944
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... of Polymers under Stress The simple structure of a polymer consists of a random arrangement of chain molecules; such materials are referred to as amorphous polymers or glassy thermoplastics. In amorphous polymers, the chain molecules are randomly intertwined to form the material. The cohesive energy...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003373
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Turbostratic graphite X X X Glassy carbon X X X Diamond X X Fullerene X X Nanotube X X X, applicable method Liquid Precursors Liquid precursors are generally one of three types: thermoplastic (viscosity decreasing with temperature), thermosetting (transforming...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005676
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... on the sequence and number of monomer units in the backbone (e.g., statistical, random, or alternating). Common medical copolymers include thermoplastic elastomers such as thermoplastic polyurethane and polyether-block-amide. The chemical nature of the monomers in a polymer will affect its interaction within...
Book Chapter

By Rebecca Tuszynski
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003011
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... configuration and thermoplastic in its trans configuration. The utility of natural rubber was greatly increased by the discovery of vulcanization (the chemical process that transforms rubber into a thermoset material) in 1839 ( Ref 3 ). Synthetic rubbers were developed largely in response to a reduction...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006932
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... the glass transition temperature, T g , and the ambient temperature, represent a problem in high-performance (high-temperature) thermoplastics such as polysulfone (PSU) or polyetherketone (PEK) because they develop significant thermal stresses on cooling. It is this coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003310
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... specifically for determining the fracture toughness of polymeric materials. ASTM D 5045 ( Ref 24 ) describes a method for determining the linear elastic fracture toughness ( K Ic and G Ic ) of polymers. This methodology is appropriate for highly crosslinked thermosets (e.g., epoxy) or glassy thermoplastics...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006924
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... temperature, resulting in a viscous liquid that can be formed into useful shapes by means of heat and pressure. Examples of thermoplastic processing include injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, and thermoforming. Upon cooling, the polymer either crystallizes or vitrifies to a glassy polymer (i.e...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006926
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... on failure properties. After a plastic component is exposed to an organic chemical, aggressive molecules may diffuse into the component, leading to plasticization. Swelling of the material can result in high stresses that may cause crazing or cracking. Fracture has been observed in many glassy plastics...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006941
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
..., thermoplastics can be considered to behave either as glassy solids or as semicrystalline solids. The glassy solid state is reached when the polymeric material has been cooled below a certain temperature, known as the glass transition temperature, T g . The relative position of T g to the service temperature...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006865
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... to be a material property ( Ref 14 ). Linear elastic fracture mechanics properties ( Ref 22 ) are appropriate for highly cross-linked thermosets or glassy thermoplastics incapable of significant plastic deformation (e.g., polystyrene). Unlike shear yielding, which occurs at constant volume, craze yielding...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006925
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
..., and the most significant influences of structure on those properties are then discussed. A variety of engineering thermoplastics, including some that are regarded as high-performance thermoplastics, are covered in this article. In addition, a few examples of commodity thermoplastics and biodegradable...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001469
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
..., the application of a solvent at the bond line induces sufficient mobility for the polymer chains to interdiffuse ( Ref 12 , 13 ). Because the solvent must strongly plasticize the polymer surface, this joining technique is primarily applied to glassy amorphous thermoplastics, such as polycarbonate, acrylic...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006940
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... a significant influence on the S - N curves of polymers, and they should be considered when a component is made of polymers. Fiber type, orientation, distribution, and content are important parameters affecting fatigue properties in short-fiber (glass/carbon)-reinforced thermoplastic composites ( Ref 19...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003471
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract This article begins with a discussion on the driving forces for recycling composites. It reviews the recycling process of thermoset-matrix composites and thermoplastic-matrix composites. The recycling of thermoset-matrix composites includes regrind, chemical, energy recovery...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003255
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... and corrosion, but are brittle and prone to failure at ambient temperatures. In contrast, thermoplastic polymers such as polyethylene, which have weak secondary bonds between long chain molecules, exhibit low strength, low stiffness, and a susceptibility to creep at ambient temperatures. These polymers...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006934
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... molecules, their nature (thermosets, rubbers, and thermoplastics), and/or their temperature and rate-dependency characteristics. For instance, it has been shown that the presence of the crystalline phase in thermoplastic polymers such as polyethylene (PE) impacts the creep properties. At a fixed...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003441
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
...-strain curve; this area is a direct function of the work-to-failure. Fig. 3 Thermoset versus thermoplastic stress-strain behavior Conventional thermosets do not behave this way and can be thought of as rigid networks that have a more glassy failure mode with much less area under the stress...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003006
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
..., etc.) that can be produced by appropriate processing. Thermoplastics and Thermosets One very important classification scheme is based on the response of the polymer to heat and solvents. There are two extreme types of response possible, leading to the classification of polymers...