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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005799
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract This article describes the thermodynamics and kinetics of gas carburizing reactions, and details the mass transfer mechanism during gas carburizing. It discusses the various considerations involved in carburizing process planning, and reviews successful operation of the gas carburizing...
Abstract
This article describes the thermodynamics and kinetics of gas carburizing reactions, and details the mass transfer mechanism during gas carburizing. It discusses the various considerations involved in carburizing process planning, and reviews successful operation of the gas carburizing process based on the control of three principal variables: temperature, atmosphere composition or carbon potential, and time. The article also describes the selection criteria for alloy, carbon sources, atmosphere types, and carbon monoxide level for endothermic carburizing atmospheres. It provides information on carburizing modeling, case depth prediction, case depth measurement, and case depth evaluation as well as on carburizing equipment, and also covers the factors affecting distortion after carburizing.
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Published: 01 August 2013
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Published: 30 September 2014
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 1 Performance of different stop-off techniques for gas carburizing. Local protection of 27 mm (1.06 in.) diameter specimen of 8620H steel against carbon pickup provided by stop-off paint (Condursal 0090) compared to copper plating
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 8 Schematic representation of the various steps in the gas carburizing process. This diagram is specific for gas carburizing. Source: Ref 1
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Published: 01 February 2024
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 8 Fatigue fracture in gas-carburized and modified 4320 steel showing overview of initiation, stable crack propagation, and unstable crack propagation, with extent of stable crack indicated by dashed line
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in Nickel and Nickel Alloys
> Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 8 Resistance to gas carburization at 980 and 1090 °C (1800 and 2000 °F). Test duration, 100 h
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 8 Fatigue fracture in gas-carburized and modified 4320 steel. (a) Overview of initiation, stable crack propagation, and unstable crack propagation. (b) Same area as shown in (a), but with extent of stable crack indicated by dashed line. (c) Higher magnification of intergranular initiation
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 9 Hardness vs. distance from the surface of direct-cooled gas-carburized SAE 4320 steel. Superimposed on the hardness profile is the range of critical depths (vertical dashed band) at which stable fatigue cracks became unstable in bending fatigue of similarly processed steels. Source
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 15 Oxides (dark features) at surface of a gas-carburized 20 MnCr 5 steel containing 1.29% Mn, 0.44% Si, 1.25% Cr, 0.25% Ni, and 0.0015% B. SEM micrograph,
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 17 S-N curves for direct-quenched gas-carburized 4615 and 8620 steels, notched 4-point bend specimens. Non-martensitic transformation products were present on the surfaces of the 8620 steel specimens and absent on the 4615 steel specimens. Source: Ref 57
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 19 Bending fatigue crack initiation in gas-carburized and reheated 4320 steel. The dashed line corresponds to maximum depth of surface oxidation, and all fracture below dashed line is transgranular. Source: Ref 49
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Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 102 Intergranular oxidation of the surface of a gas-carburized steel along the prior grain boundaries. 1000×. Source: Ref 97
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 8 Lath martensite microstructure in core of gas-carburized type 8719 steel containing 1.06% Mn, 0.52% Cr, 0.50% Ni, and 0.17% Mo. Light micrograph. Source: Ref 20
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 24 Internal oxidation (dark features) at surface of gas-carburized steel containing 1.06% Mn, 0.21% Si, 0.52% Cr, 0.50% Ni, and 0.17% Mo. Light micrograph. Source: Ref 20
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 25 Internal oxidation of gas-carburized 20MnCr5 steel containing 1.29% Mn, 0.44% Si, 1.25% Cr, 0.25% Ni, and 0.0015% B. SEM micrograph. Source: Ref 61
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 31 Fatigue limits of plasma- and gas-carburized parts as a function of retained austenite. Source: Ref 59
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 4 Levels of retained austenite in gas-carburized and heat treated 4620 steel. All specimens carburized at 1.00% C potential for indicated time and temperatures. (a) 0% retained austenite (by x-ray) in matrix of tempered martensite with lower bainite and carbide. Carburized 8 h at 940 °C
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 6 Decarburization in 4118H steel bar, gas carburized 8 h at 925 °C (1700 °F), oil quenched, heated to 845 °C (1550 °F) and held 15 min, oil quenched, and tempered 1 h at 170 °C (340 °F). (a) Completely decarburized surface layer (white), a transition zone of ferrite and low-carbon
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