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Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001272
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
...Abstract Abstract This article commences with a description of the applications of galvanized coatings and provides information on metallurgical characteristics, such as coating thickness and alloying elements. It examines the effect of galvanizing process on the mechanical properties of steels...
Abstract
This article commences with a description of the applications of galvanized coatings and provides information on metallurgical characteristics, such as coating thickness and alloying elements. It examines the effect of galvanizing process on the mechanical properties of steels and briefly describes the cleaning procedures of iron and steel pieces, before galvanizing. The article discusses the different types of conventional batch galvanizing practices. Information on the galvanizing of silicon-killed steels is also presented. The article concludes with helpful information on batch galvanizing equipment and galvanizing post treatments.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003689
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
...Abstract Abstract This article provides a discussion on the two basic steps of the batch hot dip galvanizing process: surface preparation and galvanizing. It describes the factors affecting coating thickness and coating structure. The mechanical properties of the coating and steel substrate...
Abstract
This article provides a discussion on the two basic steps of the batch hot dip galvanizing process: surface preparation and galvanizing. It describes the factors affecting coating thickness and coating structure. The mechanical properties of the coating and steel substrate are also discussed. The article also provides information on the various factors that should be considered before galvanizing a material. It examines the performances of galvanized coatings in corrosion service. The joining of galvanized structural members by bolting and welding is also discussed. The article describes the synergistic effects of galvanized and painted systems. It explains the applications of hot dip galvanized steel. The article concludes with information on pertinent galvanizing specifications under the authority of the American Society for Testing and Materials.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003688
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
...Abstract Abstract This article describes the basic principles, processing steps, and benefits of continuous hot dip coatings. It provides useful information on the principal types of coatings applied in the hot-dip process. The types of coatings include galvanized coatings, galvannealed...
Abstract
This article describes the basic principles, processing steps, and benefits of continuous hot dip coatings. It provides useful information on the principal types of coatings applied in the hot-dip process. The types of coatings include galvanized coatings, galvannealed coatings, 55Al-Zn coating, 95Zn-Al coating, and aluminized coatings.
Book: Corrosion: Materials
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003808
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... as the intergranular corrosion of galvanized steel. aluminum alloy aqueous corrosion atmospheric corrosion metallic coatings intergranular corrosion Sendzimir process Cook-Norteman process zinc-aluminum alloy aluminum-zinc alloy coatings galvanized steel aluminized steel zinc-base coatings aluminum...
Abstract
From the standpoint of corrosion protection of iron and steel, metallic coatings can be classified into two types: noble coatings and sacrificial coatings. This article focuses on hotdipped zinc, aluminum, zinc-aluminum alloy and aluminum-zinc alloy coatings. It discusses the Sendzimir process and the Cook-Norteman process, which are the two commercial processes that are used for almost all hot-dip galvanized sheet steel in the United States. The article provides a discussion on the aqueous corrosion and atmospheric corrosion of galvanized steel and aluminized steel, as well as the intergranular corrosion of galvanized steel.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006027
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
...: GalvInfo Center Abstract Abstract This article provides a brief discussion on the common types of overlayers that can be used on a metal surface to protect it from corrosion. These overlayers include phosphate, chromate, and chromate-free conversion coatings; hot dip galvanizing; cementitious...
Abstract
This article provides a brief discussion on the common types of overlayers that can be used on a metal surface to protect it from corrosion. These overlayers include phosphate, chromate, and chromate-free conversion coatings; hot dip galvanizing; cementitious linings; glass and porcelain enamels; electroplating; thermal spray coatings; and rubber linings.
Book: Corrosion: Materials
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003830
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... and zinc coatings immersed in various types of waters, in different solutions in the neutral pH range, and in soils at different geographic locations in the United States. It concludes with information on the forms of corrosion encountered in zinc coatings, including galvanic corrosion, pitting corrosion...
Abstract
Zinc is one of the most used metals, ranking fourth in worldwide production and consumption behind iron, aluminum, and copper. This article commences with an overview of the applications of zinc that can be divided into six categories: coatings, casting alloys, alloying element in brass and other alloys, wrought zinc alloys, zinc oxide, and zinc chemicals. It discusses the corrosion and electrochemical behavior of zinc and its alloys in various environments, particularly in atmospheres in which they are most widely used. The article tabulates the corrosion rates of zinc and zinc coatings immersed in various types of waters, in different solutions in the neutral pH range, and in soils at different geographic locations in the United States. It concludes with information on the forms of corrosion encountered in zinc coatings, including galvanic corrosion, pitting corrosion, and intergranular corrosion.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001268
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... applications. Special advantages of the mechanical plating and galvanizing process are that it: Greatly reduces part susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement Can be used to deposit a wide variety of metals in a broad range of coating thicknesses Consumes comparatively low amounts of energy Does...
Abstract
Mechanical plating is a method for coating ferrous metals, copper alloys, lead, stainless steel, and certain types of castings by tumbling the parts in a mixture of glass beads, metallic dust or powder, promoter or accelerator chemicals, and water. It offers a straightforward alternative method for achieving desired mechanical and galvanic properties with an extremely low risk of hydrogen embrittlement. This article provides a detailed description of the equipment, process steps, process capabilities, applicable parts, specific characteristics, advantages, limitations, post treatments, and waste treatment of mechanical plating.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003144
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
...; as an alloying element in copper, aluminum, magnesium, and other alloys; in wrought zinc alloys; and in zinc chemicals. The zinc coating applications of hot dip galvanizing, electrogalvanizing, plating, and thermal spray are presented. The use of zinc alloys in both gravity and pressure die castings is discussed...
Abstract
This article provides information on the properties, compositions, designations, and applications of zinc and zinc alloys. It discusses the principal areas of application of zinc: in coatings and anodes for corrosion protection of irons and steels; in zinc casting alloys; as an alloying element in copper, aluminum, magnesium, and other alloys; in wrought zinc alloys; and in zinc chemicals. The zinc coating applications of hot dip galvanizing, electrogalvanizing, plating, and thermal spray are presented. The use of zinc alloys in both gravity and pressure die castings is discussed as well as the three main types of wrought products: flat-rolled products, wire-drawn products, and extruded and forged products. The article also provides a section on the corrosion resistance of zinc and zinc coatings in various atmospheres.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001012
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
...Use of zinc-coated steel for a typical 1986 model U.S. car Table 1 Use of zinc-coated steel for a typical 1986 model U.S. car Type Amount of steel Amount of zinc kg lb kg lb One-side galvanized 33.5 74 0.55 1.21 Two-side galvanized 93 205 3.05 6.72 Zincrometal...
Abstract
Steel sheet is often coated in coil form prior to fabrication to save time, reduce production costs, and streamline operations. This article examines the most common precoating methods and provides a metallurgical understanding of how they impact the manufacturability, performance, and service life of the host material. The article covers metallic coatings, including zinc, aluminum, zinc-aluminum alloys, tin, and terne; pretreatment or phosphate coatings; and preprimed and painted finishes based on organic coatings.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001270
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... for a new coil to be loaded and welded without interrupting the continuity of the coating process. Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of a continuous galvanizing line. An example of a “hot” line with in-line annealing capability. See text for details. After welding, the strip enters the first cleaning...
Abstract
This article discusses the processes involved in continuous hotdip coating of steel sheets, namely, hot and cold line processing, surface preparation, and post treatment. It outlines the properties and microstructures of metals and their alloys used in this process. The coatings considered in this article include metal coatings, such as zinc coatings, and alloy coatings, such as zinc-iron, types 1 and 2 aluminum, Zn-5AI, Zn-55AI, and lead-tin coatings.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001304
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... 2,754 3.5 Tin-free steel 904 1.1 964 1.2 Tin-coated sheets 78 0.1 74 0.1 Sheets Hot rolled 13,361 1.62 13,161 16.7 Cold rolled 12,692 15.4 11,532 14.6 Sheets and strip Galvanized-hot dipped 8,199 10.0 6,910 8.8 Electrolytic 2,390 2.9 2,099 2.7...
Abstract
This article discusses the classifications, compositions, properties, advantages, disadvantages, limitations, and applications of the most commonly used methods for surface engineering of carbon and alloy steels. These include cleaning methods, finishing methods, conversion coatings, hot-dip coating processes, electrogalvanizing, electroplating, metal cladding, organic coatings, zinc-rich coatings, porcelain enameling, thermal spraying, hardfacing, vapor-deposited coatings, surface modification, and surface hardening via heat treatment.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006014
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
... of KTA-Tator, Inc. Fig. 15 Painted wood surface in poor condition. Courtesy of KTA-Tator, Inc. Fig. 7 Weathered galvanized surface. Courtesy of KTA-Tator, Inc. Fig. 13 Concrete surface with water-repellent sealer. Courtesy of KTA-Tator, Inc. Fig. 14 Epoxy coating...
Abstract
This article reviews the various substrates for coatings, namely, steel, cast iron, galvanized steel, aluminum, stainless steel, nonferrous metals, concrete, and wood. General guidance for surface preparation and coating selection is provided along with unique requirements for the particular substrate(s).
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006049
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
...Abstract Abstract The use of zinc in corrosion-protective coatings is due to its higher galvanic activity relative to that of steel. Pure zinc dust provides the best sacrificial protection to steel in a galvanic couple. Zinc-rich coatings can be subcategorized according to the type of binder...
Abstract
The use of zinc in corrosion-protective coatings is due to its higher galvanic activity relative to that of steel. Pure zinc dust provides the best sacrificial protection to steel in a galvanic couple. Zinc-rich coatings can be subcategorized according to the type of binder material used, namely, inorganic and organic zinc-rich coatings. Common inorganic binders such as post-cured water-based alkali metal silicates, self-cured water-based alkali metal silicates, and self-cured solvent-based alkyl silicates, are reviewed. The article also compares inorganic and organic zinc-rich coatings, and discusses the concerns regarding zinc-rich coatings.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004220
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... the corrosivity of fireproofing materials under standardized conditions ( Ref 3 ). The use of coatings that meet conditions related to this test is required by many codes and should be mandated by the architect or engineer. Whenever steel is used in buildings, there is always the possibility for galvanic...
Abstract
This article discusses the generic situation of steel reacting with the environments found in structures. Two environments are specifically discussed: atmospheric and cementitious. The article describes the utility of different corrosion protection methods for atmospheric corrosion and cementitious systems. It presents examples of problems that have arisen in the corrosion performance of steel.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003217
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... coatings required for tinplate by means of hot dipping. The hot-dip process consists of immersing the steel in a molten bath of the coating metal. Zinc coating (galvanizing) protects steel galvanically because the zinc is anodic to the steel base metal and therefore corrodes preferentially in most...
Abstract
There are various coating techniques in practice to prevent the deterioration of steels. This article focuses on dip, barrier, and chemical conversion coatings and describes hot-dip processes for coating carbon steels with zinc, aluminum, lead-tin, and other alloys. It describes continuous electrodeposition for steel strip and babbitting and discusses phosphate and chromate conversion coatings as well. It also addresses painting, discussing types and selection, surface preparation, and application methods. In addition, the article describes rust-preventive compounds and their application. It also provides information on weld-overlay and thermal spray coating, porcelain enameling, and the preparation of enamel frits for steels. The article closes by describing methods and materials for ceramic coating.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001077
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
...Abstract Abstract This article describes the zinc and zinc alloys for decorative and functional applications. It focuses on the types of zinc coatings, namely, hot dip galvanizing, electrogalvanizing, metallizing, and mechanical galvanizing. The article covers the uses of zinc alloy castings...
Abstract
This article describes the zinc and zinc alloys for decorative and functional applications. It focuses on the types of zinc coatings, namely, hot dip galvanizing, electrogalvanizing, metallizing, and mechanical galvanizing. The article covers the uses of zinc alloy castings, including pressure die castings, and gravity castings. It details the wrought products of zinc and zinc alloys, including flat-rolled products, wire-drawn products, extruded products, and forged products. The article also describes various properties of zinc alloys, including mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, and magnetic properties. The listing for each alloy includes chemical compositions, relevant specifications, mass characteristics, and fabrication characteristics.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001462
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
.... 7 Plot of service life versus coating thickness as a function of selected environments for an 85/15 Zn/Al alloy with a TSC Fig. 8 Plot of service life versus coating thickness as a function of selected environments for a 90/10 aluminum metal-matrix composite with a TSC Galvanic...
Abstract
Thermal spray coatings (TSCs) are surface coatings engineered to provide wear-, erosion-, abrasion-, and corrosion-resistant coatings for original equipment manufacture and for the repair and upgrading of in-service equipment. This article presents an overview of five thermal spray processes and the specific flame and arc spray processes used to preserve large steel components and structures. It describes the TSC selection guide and an industrial process procedure guide for applying aluminum and zinc TSCs onto steel.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004107
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... sealer, primer, and a topcoat. 200× Hot Dip Coatings Galvanizing has been used extensively for protection against marine environments and approximately 40 million tons of steel are hot-dip galvanized each year ( Ref 20 ). The advantages associated with applying zinc by thermal spray versus...
Abstract
A sacrificial coating applied to a steel substrate can add 20 years or more of life to the substrate, depending on its thickness and composition. Different techniques to apply sacrificial coatings offer various characteristics that contribute to corrosion resistance. This article discusses thermal spray, hotdipping, and electroplating processes used to apply coatings in steel structures. It describes the corrosion attributes of the resulting coatings and discusses the methods of protecting steel from corrosion using aluminum and zinc coatings.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001315
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... by the automotive industry, there has been a significant increase in other applications that use painted or powder-coated galvanized steel, particularly in the appliance industry ( Ref 3 , 4 ). Because of their inherent corrosion resistance, zinc and zinc alloys can be used satisfactorily in many applications...
Abstract
Zinc and zinc alloys require surface engineering prior to coating or use to improve adhesion and corrosion resistance. Die-cast zinc parts, in addition, must be trimmed and finished to remove flash and parting lines. This article covers zinc cleaning procedures as well as coating and finishing processes. It explains how to remove parting lines and presents several mechanical finishing methods, including surface polishing, brushing, controlled shot peening, and buffing. It also provides information on solvent cleaning, emulsion cleaning, aqueous detergent or alkaline cleaning), electrocleaning, acid dipping, and zinc conversion coating treatments.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005518
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
Abstract
This article reviews the various aspects of the simulation of solidification microstructures and grain textures. It describes the grain structures and morphology of dendrites or eutectics that compose the internal structure of the grains. A particular emphasis has been put on the simulation of defects related to grain textures and microstructures. The article provides information on the application of the most important simulation approaches and the status of numerical simulation.