Fig. 2 Macrograph showing fusion zone and heat-affected zone (HAZ) in an electroslag weldment More

Fig. 11 Comparison of J c values for heat-affected zone (HAZ), weld fusion zone (W), and base metal (BM). Values of dJ / da , in MPa, are provided beyond each bar. Cracks are oriented parallel to the welding direction. SA, submerged arc; GTA, gas-tungsten arc; SMA, shielded-metal arc; GMA More

Fig. 2 Macrograph showing fusion zone and heat-affected zone in an electroslag weldment More

Fig. 14 2219 aluminum alloy, gas metal arc weld (parameters unknown). Fusion-zone microstructure in which the cellular solidification structure is revealed by the distribution of the divorced eutectic microconstituent between the cells. Etchant: Kroll's reagent. Magnification: 200× More

Fig. 4 Fusion zone profile for spot-on-plate welds as a function of electrode tip geometry using 100% Ar as a shielding gas. Weld parameters: current, 150 A; duration, 2 s More

Fig. 5 Fusion zone profile for bead-on-plate welds as a function of electrode tip geometry using 100% Ar as a shielding gas. Weld parameters: current, 150 A; welding speed, 3 mm/s (0.12 in./s) More

Fig. 17 Optical micrograph of fusion zone obtained with the Ti-6Al-4V sheet welded using a tantalum shim. Kroll's reagent was used as the etchant. Microstructure consists of Widmanstätten α + β and α′ martensite. More

Fig. 18 X-ray diffraction trace of fusion zone in Ti-6Al-4V sheet welded using a tantalum shim, showing peaks that identify hexagonal structures More

Fig. 4 As-welded gas-tungsten arc fusion zone microstructure in HT9 weldments. Arrows indicate metastable δ ferrite, which constitutes approximately 2 to 3 vol% of the structure. 1000×. Source: Ref 2 More

Fig. 9 Postweld heat treated gas-tungsten arc weld fusion zone in Beta-C sheet. (a) Aged at 482 °C (900 °F) for 24 h; 275×. (b) Same heat treatment as (a); 690×. (c) Aged at 593 °C (1100 °F) for 8 h; 275×. (d) Same heat treatment as (c); 690×. Source: Ref 12 More

Fig. 11 Transmission electron micrograph of laser weld fusion zone in rapidly-solidified/powder metallurgy Ti-8Al-2.8Sn-5.4Hf-3.6Ta-1Y-0.2Si alloy showing yttrium-enriched dispersoids (indicated by arrows) located along solidification substructure boundaries. Source: Ref 17 More

Fig. 12 SEM fractograph showing surface of fusion zone solidification crack in gas-tungsten arc welded Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn. Source: Ref 18 More

Fig. 2 Metallographic cross section showing preferential fusion zone attack in Hastelloy B-2 (UNS N10665). Sample was a welded coupon placed in a chemical plant process stream for approximately 1 year. Hydrochloric and chromic acid etch. 75× More

Fig. 2 Calculated fusion-zone chromium concentration as a function of dilution for a weld made on a carbon steel with no chromium and a filler metal with 20 wt% Cr More

Fig. 4 Manganese content of the base metal and the fusion zone for welds made on manganese-containing stainless steels. Source: Ref 2 More

Fig. 4 Fusion zone profile for spot-on-plate welds as a function of electrode tip geometry using 100% Ar as a shielding gas. Weld parameters: current, 150 A; duration, 2 s More

Fig. 5 Fusion zone profile for bead-on-plate welds as a function of electrode tip geometry using 100% Ar as a shielding gas. Weld parameters: current, 150 A; welding speed, 3 mm/s (0.12 in./s) More

Fig. 11 Comparison of the calculated and experimental geometry of the fusion zone and the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The heat input per unit length for the three welds is (a) weld 3: 2.4 kJ/mm, (b) weld 2: 3.15 kJ/mm, and (c) weld 1: 3.94 kJ/mm. The symbols W T , W M , and W B are the widths More

Fig. 18 Computed fusion-zone cross sections for Ti-6Al-4V welds at 1000 W and 17 mm/s (0.67 in./s). (a) Laser beam welding. (b) Electron beam welding. Adapted from Ref 93 More

Fig. 15 Calculated GTAW fusion-zone profiles for pure iron and Fe-0.03O alloy. Source: Ref 53 More