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fullerenes
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Published: 15 December 2019
Fig. 56 Resist based on C60 fullerenes. Adapted and reprinted from Ref 99 . Copyright 2016, with permission from Elsevier
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in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide-Based (MoS2, WS2) Coatings
> Friction, Lubrication, and Wear Technology
Published: 31 December 2017
Fig. 19 The three main friction mechanisms of inorganic fullerene nanoparticles discussed in the literature: (a) rolling, (b) sliding, and (c) exfoliation. The bottom surface is stationary, while the upper surface is moving to the left. The circular mark on the nanoparticle is a point
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Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003373
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract This article describes the various pure forms of carbon matrices and the corresponding methods used to create them or incorporate them into a matrix of a composite. These forms include graphite, diamond, fullerenes, and nanotubes. The article discusses the three types of liquid...
Abstract
This article describes the various pure forms of carbon matrices and the corresponding methods used to create them or incorporate them into a matrix of a composite. These forms include graphite, diamond, fullerenes, and nanotubes. The article discusses the three types of liquid precursors, namely, thermoplastic, thermosetting, and evaporative or solvent carriers. It provides a description of the advantages and limitations of various methods involved in chemical vapor infiltration. The article concludes with a discussion on matrix contribution to composite properties.
Image
in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide-Based (MoS2, WS2) Coatings
> Friction, Lubrication, and Wear Technology
Published: 31 December 2017
Fig. 20 Friction coefficient (μ) as a function of wear rate plots from reciprocating ball-on-flat sliding tests in polyalphaolefin for different additive combinations (inorganic fullerene, or IF, WS 2 nanoparticle; normal 2H WS 2 particles; zinc-dithiophosphate, or Zn-DTP, antiwear additive
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006012
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
.... These nanoparticles purify the air near and on a building surface by breaking down nitrogen oxides, formaldehyde, benzene, and volatile organic compounds ( Ref 1 ). Fullerenes Carbon can exist in a number of forms or allotropes, including diamond, graphite, and fullerenes. Fullerenes, which include so-called...
Abstract
Nanotechnology and smart-coating technologies have been reported to show great promise for improved performance in critical areas such as corrosion resistance, durability, and conductivity. This article exemplifies nanofilms and nanomaterials used in coatings applications, including carbon nanotubes, silica, metals/metal oxides, ceramics, clays, buckyballs, graphene, polymers, titanium dioxide, and waxes. These can be produced by a variety of methods, including chemical vapor deposition, plasma arcing, electrodeposition, sol-gel synthesis, and ball milling. The application of nanotechnology and the development of smart coatings have been dependent largely on the availability of analytical and imaging techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006377
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) are solid lubricant materials, specifically, intrinsic solid lubricants, whose crystal structure facilitates interfacial sliding/shear to achieve low friction and wear in sliding contacts and low torque in rolling contacts. This article provides information on sliding friction and wear behavior of unbonded, bonded, and vapor-deposited pure and composite MoS 2 and WS 2 coatings. It discusses the rolling-torque behavior and applications of vapor-deposited pure and composite MoS 2 and WS 2 coatings. The article concludes with information on various forms of TMD lubrication, namely, oils, greases, microparticle and nanoparticle additives.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006670
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
Abstract
This article introduces various techniques commonly used in the characterization of semiconductors, namely single-crystal, polycrystalline, amorphous, oxide, organic, and low-dimensional semiconductors and semiconductor devices. The discussion covers material classification, fabrication methods, sample preparation, bulk/elemental characterization methods, microstructural characterization methods, surface characterization methods, and electronic characterization methods.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006373
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... nanocomposites—that is, a polymer matrix filled with the particles less than 100 nm in size—have become more and more common ( Ref 6 ). The nanofillers in polymer composites include carbon materials (fullerene and its derivatives), layered clay minerals, and nanoparticles of metals or their organic and inorganic...
Abstract
Polymers and polymer composites have become attractive for tribological applications due to their specific material properties. This article begins by discussing the fundamentals of polymer friction and wear. It summarizes the main polymer materials used in tribological applications. The article explains the effects of load, sliding velocity, and temperature on the friction coefficient. It describes three types of wear modes, namely, abrasive, adhesion, and fatigue. The article discusses the frictional behavior of polymer composites and polymer coatings. It concludes by providing information on tribotesting of polymers and polymer composites.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001287
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
Abstract
This article discusses the fundamentals of thermal vaporization and condensation and provides information on the various vaporization sources and methods of vacuum deposition. It offers an overview of reactive evaporation and its deposition techniques. The article also explains the advantages, limitations, and applications of vacuum deposition processes. Finally, it provides information on the gas evaporation process, its processing chamber, and related systems.
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001283
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... 25. Kaplan R. and Tuffias R. , Large Seamless Tungsten Crucibles Made by CVD , Int. J. Refract. Hard Metals , Vol 3 ( No. 3 ), 15 Sept 1984 26. Pierson H.O. , Handbook of Carbon, Graphite, Diamond and Fullerenes , Noyes Publications , 1994 27. Spear K...
Abstract
This article presents the principles of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with illustrations. It discusses the types of CVD processes, namely, thermal CVD, plasma CVD, laser CVD, closed-reactor CVD, chemical vapor infiltration, and metal-organic CVD. The article reviews the CVD reactions of materials related to hard, tribological, and high-temperature coatings and to free-standing structures. It concludes by reviewing the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of CVD.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006369
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... ( Ref 82 ), yttria-stabilized zirconia-Ag-Mo nanocomposite lubricant separated by a TiN diffusion barrier ( Ref 83 ), a composite of phosphate and silver and MoS 2 ( Ref 84 ), fullerene-like nanoclusters of TMDs in TiN matrices ( Ref 85 ), and WS 2 /ZnO coatings ( Ref 86 ). Concluding Remarks...
Abstract
Strategies for the lubrication of mechanical systems operating in extreme environments must exclude the liquid lubricants and greases and rely on alternative methods of lubrication, such as gases and solids. This article provides a survey of some of the more effective alternative methods of lubrication. It provides a discussion on the solid materials that have been most commonly used as lubricants: carbon-base materials, transition metal dichalcogenides, polymers, and soft metals.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006679
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
Abstract
This article describes various methods of electrochemical analysis, namely coulometry, electrogravimetry, voltammetry, electrometric titration, and nanometer electrochemistry. The discussion covers the general uses, sample requirements, application examples, advantages, and limitations of these methods. Some of the factors pertinent to electrochemical cells are also provided. In addition, the article provides information on various potentiometric membrane electrodes used to quantify numerous ionic and nonionic species.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005819
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
.... The solid-state change of crystal structure is referred to as an allotropy (existing in another form). For example, both iron and carbon have a number of allotropic forms. Carbon can exist as diamond, soot, graphite, and the more recently discovered form of fullerenes. However, the allotropy of carbon...
Abstract
The heat treatment of steel is based on the physical metallurgical principles that relate to its processing, properties, and structure. The microstructures that result from the heat treatment of steel are composed of one or more phases in which the atoms of iron, carbon, and other elements in steel are associated. This article describes the phases of heat treated steel, and provides information on effect of temperature change and the size of carbon atoms relative to that of iron atoms during the heat treatment.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006633
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006677
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
Abstract
This article is intended to provide the reader with a good understanding of the underlying science, technology, and the most common applications of focused ion beam (FIB) instruments. It begins with a survey of the various types of FIB instruments and their configurations, discusses the essential components, and explains their function only to the extent that it helps the operator obtain the desired results. An explanation of how the components of ion optical column shape and steer the ion beam to the desired target locations is then provided. The article also reviews the many diverse accessories and options that enable the instrument to realize its full potential across all of the varied applications. This is followed by a detailed analysis of the physical processes associated with the ion beam interacting with the sample. Finally, a complete survey of the most prominent FIB applications is presented.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002467
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
Abstract
This article examines material property data and the information needs at various points in the design, manufacture, and use cycle. It contains a table that lists the various sources of materials data. The article describes locating media for sources of data such as suppliers of databases and internet. It discusses the types of sources of data, including computer readable media, data centers, and print media. The article also reviews the methods for evaluation and interpretation of data and examines the processes of obtaining and reporting test data.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006939
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers. Source: Ref 5 Carbon Nanotubes Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon that take a tubular cylindrical shape ( Ref 25 – 28 ) and are members of the fullerene structural family. The CNTs are composed of sp 2 carbon bonds ( Ref 25 – 27 ). They can...
Abstract
Polymer materials are key building blocks of the modern world, commonly used in packaging, automobiles, building materials, electronics, telecommunications, and many other industries. These commercial applications of polymeric materials would not be possible without the use of additives. This article is divided into five sections: mechanical property modifiers, physical property modifiers, biological function modifiers, processing aids, and colorants. It describes three classes of additives that are used to inhibit biological activity, six classes of mechanical property modifiers, three classes of physical property modifiers, and two classes of both colorants and processing aids.
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.9781627082006
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003068
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.9781627082136
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
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