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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 19 Layout of a full factorial (multivariable) experimental design for a group of seven variables More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005534
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... that influence the accuracy of the results. A design of experiments (DOE) represents a sequence of experiments to be performed, expressed in terms of factors set at specified levels. The article discusses the two types of DOEs: the full factorial design and the fractional factorial design. It explains...
Book Chapter

By Michael Sprayberry, Michael Kirka, Vincent Paquit
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006994
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
..., it is assumed that phase one of the optimization problem has already been completed and that phase two, or response objective optimization, is occurring. Parametric studies were conducted in AM using the design-of-experiment methods that included full factorial design, Taguchi, partial factorial design...
Book Chapter

By Preston G. Smith
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002428
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... Abstract The most effective design teams generally involve a clearly delineated group of individuals who work full time on the specified project from its beginning until market introduction. This article focuses on issues arising in using teams in a product design process. It provides special...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003640
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... are rarely important, such intensive efforts are seldom required. For most purposes, it is only necessary to evaluate the main effects of each variable and the two-factor interactions, which can be done with only a fraction of the runs in a full-factorial design. Such designs are called resolution V...
Book Chapter

By Mary G. Natrella
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0009214
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
..., replication of the experiment is not desirable; further experimentation would probably be aimed at completing the full factorial or obtaining a larger fraction of the full factorial. The smaller fractional factorial designs do not contain higher order interactions that can be assumed to be error. In fact...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0009215
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
.... Fractional Factorial Experiments In some cases, it is impossible to investigate all elements of a factorial design. The use of fractional factorials is a commonly used “shortcut” to the full factorial experimental procedure. The analysis of data generated from a fractional factorial design is discussed...
Book Chapter

By Stuart Keeler
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005152
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
..., and experimental design, including single-variable studies, multivariable studies, and Taguchi experiments. control charts sheet metal forming statistical process control statistics STATISTICS are extremely important tools in the operation of press shops, providing numerical process analysis...
Book Chapter

By Stéphane Guillard, Koushik Ray
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0009013
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
..., t is the dwell time, t 0.5 is the time needed to obtain 50% recrystallization at that temperature and strain rate, and n is a material constant. Equation 4 requires tests for determining the effect of temperature, strain, and strain rate on t 0.5 . Factorial Design Testing Knowing...
Book Chapter

By Don Clausing
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002429
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... functionality, production capability, and field-support capability. The concurrent process is carried out by a multifunctional team that integrates the specialties. The article schematically illustrates product design team configurations with subsystem teams and team of subsystem leaders. It discusses the three...
Book Chapter

By Emory W. Zimmers, Jr.
Book: Machining
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 16
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v16.a0002176
EISBN: 978-1-62708-188-7
... Abstract This article describes the basic functions that should be included when considering the relationship of computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) and machining. These include design, analysis, drafting, process planning, part programming, program verification, part...
Book Chapter

By Charles O. Smith
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002432
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... information can be obtained by performing only a fraction of the full factorial. In one unusual (and outstanding) situation with 19 variables, a complete full factorial study would have required more than 500,000 samples. A judiciously selected fractional factorial design provided the desired information from...
Book Chapter

By Mark T. MacLean-Blevins
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006868
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... that as designers we must be mindful of the full impact of our decisions, including the end-of-life for any part or product we develop. Processing Benefits Given the large number of processes used to form plastic materials into final net shape parts, the design engineer has an arsenal of possible solutions...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006803
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... and model parameters have some uncertainty in real-world structures. To this day (2020), structural design codes are deterministically based, with the uncertainties accounted for by using conservatisms such as safety factors, design factors, and so on to cover a realistic range of variation. Given the level...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005838
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
..., simplifying its design. This circuit, or variations of it, sometimes is used in industrial heating applications; the self-oscillating form is known as the Royer or Baxandall Class D oscillator and is known for producing a low-distortion-output waveform. Full-Bridge Full-bridge is the most popular...
Book Chapter

By Vistasp M. Karbhari
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003482
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... to corrosion of the outer prestressing wire. Recent tests have shown that the use of appropriately designed composite liners having predominant hoop reinforcement can ensure that the full capacity of the pipe can be achieved with very small reduction in inner diameter, thus using composites to effect a rapid...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005113
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
...-distribution characteristics also must be considered ( Fig. 15 ). The basic construction involves a long ram with two sources of power, one at each end. The power distribution in this design is the full tonnage of both power sources along the entire length of the ram, as long as the load is distributed along...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003088
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Performance Specifications It is obvious that any design must necessarily meet performance specifications ( Table 1 ). These specifications must reflect a full and complete analysis of the functions required of the product. An important distinction needs to be made between performance specifications...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006989
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
...; DFAM, design for additive manufacturing; FAT, factory acceptance testing; SAT, site acceptance testing; IQ, installation qualification; OEM, original equipment manufacturer; EHS, environmental health and safety. Courtesy of David Hardacre, Lloyd’s Register Quality Assurance (LRQA) References...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005836
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... with the output circuit, developing voltage across it that in turn commutates the SCRs during startup. After a few cycles, the gate firing of PP+ and PN– is switched to P+ and N–. Another disadvantage is that the utility power factor is bad, except at full power. This design has been and still is the workhorse...