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in Mechanically Assisted Corrosion of Metallic Biomaterials
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 9 Schematic of modular taper fretting corrosion test setup used to evaluate the susceptibility of total hip replacement designs to mechanically assisted corrosion. Monitoring of OCP of the test setup and current passed between the working electrode and a second electrode meant
More
Image
Published: 01 June 2012
Fig. 9 Schematic of modular taper fretting corrosion test setup used to evaluate the susceptibility of total hip replacement designs to mechanically assisted corrosion. Monitoring of OCP of the test setup and current passed between the working electrode and a second electrode meant
More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004206
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... assisted corrosion. The article also explains the scratch test and the in vitro fretting corrosion test. cobalt alloys corrosion fretting corrosion test crevice corrosion cyclic stress mechanically assisted corrosion metallic biomaterials titanium alloys wear fretting motion electrochemical...
Abstract
This article reviews the understanding of corrosion interactions between alloys in complex geometries and in applications where there are significant cyclic stresses and potential for wear and fretting motion. These alloys include iron-base, titanium-base, and cobalt-base alloys. The article discusses the surface characteristics and electrochemical behavior of metallic biomaterials. It summaries the clinical context for mechanically assisted corrosion and describes mechanically assisted crevice corrosion. There have been several tests developed to investigate aspects of mechanically assisted corrosion. The article also explains the scratch test and the in vitro fretting corrosion test.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005653
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
.... It reviews the tests developed to investigate the aspects of mechanically assisted corrosion of metallic biomaterials: the scratch test and the in vitro fretting corrosion test. cobalt-base biomedical alloys electrochemical behavior in vitro fretting corrosion test iron-base biomedical alloys...
Abstract
This article reviews the corrosion interactions between biomedical alloys, in particular iron-base, titanium-base, and cobalt-base alloys, in complex geometries and in applications where there are significant cyclic stresses and potential for wear and fretting motion. It discusses the nature of these metal surfaces and their propensity for corrosion reactions when combined with similar or different alloys in complex restrictive environments within the human body and under loading conditions. The article describes the factors that influence mechanically assisted crevice corrosion. It reviews the tests developed to investigate the aspects of mechanically assisted corrosion of metallic biomaterials: the scratch test and the in vitro fretting corrosion test.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005683
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... current density determination by Tafel extrapolation, potentiodynamic measurement of the polarization resistance, electrochemical impedance measurement, and potentiostatic deaeration. Tests combining corrosion and mechanical forces, such as fretting corrosion tests, environment-assisted cracking tests...
Abstract
The interaction of an implant with the human body environment may result in degradation of the implant, called corrosion. This article discusses the corrosion testing of metallic implants and implant materials. The corrosion environments for medical implants are the extracellular human body fluids, very complex solutions containing electrolytes and nonelectrolytes, inorganic and organic constituents, and gases. The article describes the fundamentals of electrochemical corrosion testing and provides a brief discussion on various types of corrosion tests. It illustrates corrosion current density determination by Tafel extrapolation, potentiodynamic measurement of the polarization resistance, electrochemical impedance measurement, and potentiostatic deaeration. Tests combining corrosion and mechanical forces, such as fretting corrosion tests, environment-assisted cracking tests, and ion-leaching tests are also discussed.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006811
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... as fatigue crack initiation sites, contributing to eventual fatigue fractures. Additionally, pitting can be associated with fretting (and possibly eventual fatigue), as discussed in the following section. Galvanic Corrosion Galvanic coupling caused by the contact between two dissimilar materials...
Abstract
Bearing in mind the three-legged stool approach of device design/manufacturing, patient factors, and surgical technique, this article aims to inform the failure analyst of the metallurgical and materials engineering aspects of a medical device failure investigation. It focuses on the device "failures" that include fracture, wear, and corrosion. The article first discusses failure modes of long-term orthopedic and cardiovascular implants. The article then focuses on short-term implants, typically bone screws and plates. Lastly, failure modes of surgical tools are discussed. The conclusion of this article presents several case studies illustrating the various failure modes discussed throughout.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003631
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
.... Ko P.L. , Tromp J.H. , and Weckworth M.K. , Heat Exchanger Tube Fretting Wear: Corrosion of Tube Motion and Wear , Materials Evaluations Under Fretting Conditions , STP 780, American Society for Testing and Materials , 1981 , p 86 – 105 10. Waterhouse R.B. , Fretting...
Abstract
Mechanically assisted degradation of metals is defined as any type of degradation that involves a corrosion mechanism and a wear or fatigue mechanism. This article provides a discussion on the mechanisms of five forms of degradation: erosion, fretting corrosion, fretting fatigue, cavitation and water drop impingement, and corrosion fatigue. It describes the factors affecting the severity of fretting corrosion. The article also illustrates the relationship between corrosion fatigue and stress-corrosion cracking.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003316
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... specimens. This article describes the mechanisms of fretting and fretting fatigue; stress analysis, modeling, and prediction of fretting fatigue; fretting fatigue testing; and fretting prevention methods. Three general geometries and loading conditions for fretting fatigue, along with their remedies...
Abstract
Fretting is a special wear process that occurs at the contact area between two materials under load and subject to slight relative movement by vibration or some other force. During fretting fatigue, cracks can initiate at very low stresses, well below the fatigue limit of nonfretted specimens. This article describes the mechanisms of fretting and fretting fatigue; stress analysis, modeling, and prediction of fretting fatigue; fretting fatigue testing; and fretting prevention methods. Three general geometries and loading conditions for fretting fatigue, along with their remedies, are reviewed.
Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002372
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... for fretting fatigue. It presents the types of fretting fatigue tests and the effect of variables on fretting fatigue from different research test programs. The article also lists the general principles and practical methods for the abatement or elimination of fretting fatigue. coefficient of friction...
Abstract
Fretting is a special wear process that occurs at the contact area between two materials under load and subject to slight relative movement by vibration or some other force. This article focuses on measures to avoid or minimize crack initiation and fretting fatigue. It lists the factors that are known to influence the severity of fretting and discusses the variables that contribute to shear stresses. These variables include normal load, relative displacement (slip amplitude), and coefficient of friction. The article describes the general geometries and loading conditions for fretting fatigue. It presents the types of fretting fatigue tests and the effect of variables on fretting fatigue from different research test programs. The article also lists the general principles and practical methods for the abatement or elimination of fretting fatigue.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006829
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... Abstract Fretting is a wear phenomenon that occurs between two mating surfaces; initially, it is adhesive in nature, and vibration or small-amplitude oscillation is an essential causative factor. Fretting generates wear debris, which oxidizes, leading to a corrosion-like morphology...
Abstract
Fretting is a wear phenomenon that occurs between two mating surfaces; initially, it is adhesive in nature, and vibration or small-amplitude oscillation is an essential causative factor. Fretting generates wear debris, which oxidizes, leading to a corrosion-like morphology. This article focuses on fretting wear related to debris formation and ejection. It reviews the general characteristics of fretting wear, with an emphasis on steel. The review covers fretting wear in mechanical components, various parameters that affect fretting; quantification of wear induced by fretting; and the experimental results, map approach, measurement, mechanism, and prevention of fretting wear. This review is followed by several examples of failures related to fretting wear.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003562
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... or small-amplitude oscillation is an essential causative factor. Fretting frequently is accompanied by corrosion. Fretting of ferrous materials in air produces a characteristic reddish-brown debris of ferric oxide, which, when mixed with oil or grease, produces debris that is often referred to as “blood...
Abstract
This article reviews the general characteristics of fretting wear in mechanical components with an emphasis on steel. It focuses on the effects of physical variables and the environment on fretting wear. The variables include the amplitude of slip, normal load, frequency of vibration, type of contact and vibration, impact fretting, surface finish, and residual stresses. The form, composition, and role of the debris are briefly discussed. The article also describes the measurement, mechanism, and prevention of fretting wear. It concludes with several examples of failures related to fretting wear.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006414
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... occur between contacting surfaces, which are nominally at rest. In general, one of the immediate consequences of the process for metallic contact in normal atmospheric conditions is the production of oxide debris; thus, the terms “fretting wear” and “fretting corrosion” are applied to the phenomenon...
Abstract
Fretting is the small-amplitude oscillatory movement that can occur between contacting surfaces, which are nominally at rest. This article discusses fretting wear in mechanical components and the mechanisms of fretting wear. It describes the role of fretting conditions, such as fretting duration, slip amplitude, normal load, fretting frequency, contact geometry, type of vibration, and surface finish, as well as the role of environmental conditions. The article reviews the influence of an aqueous environment on the mechanism of fretting. The steps that can be taken to reduce or eliminate damage due to fretting are extremely diverse. The article presents some general indications of how to address the fretting wear problem.
Image
in Mechanically Assisted Corrosion of Metallic Biomaterials
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 10 Summary of results of one of the mechanically assisted corrosion tests of a modular femoral hip taper interface. (a) Load vs. time showing a compressive cyclic load to 3300 N applied at 3 Hz. (b) The corresponding fretting current measured between the working and second electrodes (see
More
Image
Published: 01 June 2012
Fig. 10 Summary of results of one of the mechanically assisted corrosion tests of a modular femoral hip taper interface. (a) Load vs. time showing a compressive cyclic load to 3300 N applied at 3 Hz. (b) The corresponding fretting current measured between the working and second electrodes (see
More
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001819
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
.... Implants can undergo surface attack by fretting, fretting corrosion, or wear. These types of attack can be relatively mild; they often occur only on the microscopic level, do not interfere with the functioning of the implant or the healing of the bone, and do not require reoperation. On prosthetic devices...
Abstract
This article commences with a description of the prosthetic devices and implants used for internal fixation. It describes the complications related to implants and provides a list of major standards for orthopedic implant materials. The article illustrates the body environment and its interactions with implants. The considerations for designing internal fixation devices are also described. The article analyzes failed internal fixation devices by explaining the failures of implants and prosthetic devices due to implant deficiencies, mechanical or biomechanical conditions, and degradation. Finally, the article discusses the fatigue properties of implant materials and the fractures of total hip joint prostheses.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003285
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... coefficient. The article discusses various galling testing methods, such as button-on-block galling test, pin-on-flat galling test, and threaded connection galling test. It provides an overview of fretting wear that occurs between two tight-fitting surfaces subjected to a cyclic, relative motion of extremely...
Abstract
Surface damage from sliding contact is related to the adhesion of mating surfaces in contact. This article describes the methods for evaluation of surface damage caused by sliding contact. It defines adhesive wear in terms of asperity, cold welding, galling, scuffing, seizure, and wear coefficient. The article discusses various galling testing methods, such as button-on-block galling test, pin-on-flat galling test, and threaded connection galling test. It provides an overview of fretting wear that occurs between two tight-fitting surfaces subjected to a cyclic, relative motion of extremely small amplitude. The article also reviews the fretting rig for investigating fretting wear.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004165
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... of a full-service-life test. vehicle accelerated corrosion testing fretting full-service-life test corrosion-sensitive automotive systems chafing road deicing salts COMPLETE VEHICLE ACCELERATED CORROSION TESTING as performed on the proving ground is a “mandatory” testing tool among vehicle...
Abstract
Complete vehicle accelerated corrosion testing on the proving ground is a mandatory testing tool among vehicle manufacturers around the globe. This article focuses on creating some awareness of the difficulty in applying reliable corrosion tests for all corrosion-sensitive automotive systems at once. It describes the various factors for a complete vehicle testing, including wear from road grit, dirt, salt load, elevated temperatures, and mechanical effects such as chafing and fretting. The article discusses the four main test blocks, namely, driving sequence on various proving ground tracks, exposure of the vehicle in one or more ways to road deicing salts, static exposure to forced climatic conditions, and additional elements such as operating the mechanical systems of the vehicle, car washes, and so forth. It concludes with information on the major advantages and drawbacks of a full-service-life test.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005657
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... redesign. The article examines the common failure modes, such as overload, fatigue, corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, and fretting, of medical devices. The failure analysis of orthopedic implants, such as permanent prostheses and internal fixation devices, is described. The article reviews the failure...
Abstract
This article focuses on the analysis of materials and mechanical- (or biomechanical-) based medical device failures. It reviews the failure analysis practices, including evidence receipt, cleaning, nondestructive examination, destructive examination, exemplars analysis, and device redesign. The article examines the common failure modes, such as overload, fatigue, corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, and fretting, of medical devices. The failure analysis of orthopedic implants, such as permanent prostheses and internal fixation devices, is described. The article reviews the failure mechanisms in some of the more common medical device materials, namely, stainless steels, titanium alloys, cobalt-base alloys, and nitinol. It presents case histories with examples for failure analysis.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003630
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Abstract This article provides a discussion on the mechanisms of wear and their interactions with gaseous corrosion. The wear mechanisms include abrasive, erosive, fretting, and sliding. The measurement of degradation on combustion walls in coal-fired boilers is discussed. The article concludes...
Abstract
This article provides a discussion on the mechanisms of wear and their interactions with gaseous corrosion. The wear mechanisms include abrasive, erosive, fretting, and sliding. The measurement of degradation on combustion walls in coal-fired boilers is discussed. The article concludes with information on the common coating techniques used for wear-corrosion control.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006794
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... for corrosive wear. Next, the article explains testing methods and characterization of corrosive wear. Various factors that influence corrosive wear are then covered. The article concludes with general guidelines for material selection against corrosive wear. corrosion corrosive wear material selection...
Abstract
Corrosive wear is defined as surface damage caused by wear in a corrosive environment, involving combined attacks from wear and corrosion. This article begins with a discussion on several typical forms of corrosive wear encountered in industry, followed by a discussion on mechanisms for corrosive wear. Next, the article explains testing methods and characterization of corrosive wear. Various factors that influence corrosive wear are then covered. The article concludes with general guidelines for material selection against corrosive wear.
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