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Book Chapter
Fracture Toughness and Fracture Mechanics
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003305
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Abstract The fracture-mechanics technology has significantly improved the ability to design safe and reliable structures and identify and quantify the primary parameters that affect structural integrity of materials. This article provides a discussion on fracture toughness of notched materials...
Abstract
The fracture-mechanics technology has significantly improved the ability to design safe and reliable structures and identify and quantify the primary parameters that affect structural integrity of materials. This article provides a discussion on fracture toughness of notched materials by explaining the ductile-to-brittle fracture transition and by correlating KId, KIc, and Charpy V-notch impact energy absorptions. It highlights the effects of constraint, temperature, and loading rate on the fracture transition. The article discusses the applications of fracture mechanism in limiting of operating stresses. It describes the mechanisms, testing methods, and effecting parameters of two main categories of fracture mechanics: linear-elastic fracture mechanics and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. The article concludes with a discussion on the three major progressive stages of fatigue: crack initiation, crack growth, and fracture on the final cycle.
Book Chapter
Fracture Toughness of Ceramics and Ceramic Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003311
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Abstract This article introduces the concepts of linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM). It reviews the fracture mechanics of ceramics and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). The article describes some fracture toughness measurement techniques used...
Abstract
This article introduces the concepts of linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM). It reviews the fracture mechanics of ceramics and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). The article describes some fracture toughness measurement techniques used on ceramics and CMCs: single edge notch bending, compact tension, double cantilever beam testing, chevron notch methods, and double torsion. It presents descriptions organized by their specimen types, and includes the advantages and disadvantages, as well as the experimental control schemes employed for each specimen type.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003306
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Abstract Fracture toughness is an empirical material property that is determined by one or more of a number of standard fracture toughness test methods. This article describes the fracture toughness test methods in a chronological outline, beginning with the methods that use the linear-elastic...
Abstract
Fracture toughness is an empirical material property that is determined by one or more of a number of standard fracture toughness test methods. This article describes the fracture toughness test methods in a chronological outline, beginning with the methods that use the linear-elastic parameter. After this, the methods that use the nonlinear parameters are discussed. The article reviews some of the work in progress to update the standard test methods, namely, common fracture toughness test method and transition fracture toughness test method. Finally, an overview of fracture toughness testing for ceramic and polymer materials is provided.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002470
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... Abstract Fracture toughness is the ability of a material to withstand fracture in the presence of cracks. This article focuses on the use of fracture toughness as a parameter for engineering and design purposes. Both linear elastic and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics concepts are reviewed...
Abstract
Fracture toughness is the ability of a material to withstand fracture in the presence of cracks. This article focuses on the use of fracture toughness as a parameter for engineering and design purposes. Both linear elastic and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics concepts are reviewed as they relate to fracture toughness and design process. The article explores the use of plane strain fracture toughness, crack-tip opening displacement, and the J-integral as the criteria for the design and safe operation of structures and mechanical components. It discusses the variables affecting fracture toughness, including yield strength, loading rate, temperature, and material thickness. A summary of different fatigue and fracture mechanics design philosophies and their relationship with fracture toughness is provided. The article concludes with information on the examples of fracture toughness in design.
Book Chapter
Fracture Toughness of Austenitic Stainless Steels and Their Welds
Available to PurchaseBook: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002404
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract This article describes the fracture toughness behavior of austenitic stainless steels and their welds at ambient, elevated, and cryogenic temperatures. Minimum expected toughness values are provided for use in fracture mechanics evaluations. The article explains the effect of crack...
Abstract
This article describes the fracture toughness behavior of austenitic stainless steels and their welds at ambient, elevated, and cryogenic temperatures. Minimum expected toughness values are provided for use in fracture mechanics evaluations. The article explains the effect of crack orientation, strain rate, thermal aging, and neutron irradiation on base metal and weld toughness. It discusses the effect of cold-work-induced strengthening on fracture toughness. The article examines the fracture toughness behavior of aged base metal and welding-induced heat-affected zones. It concludes with a discussion on the Charpy energy correlations for aged stainless steels.
Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002380
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract This article describes the test methods of fracture toughness, namely, linear-elastic and nonlinear fracture toughness testing methods. Linear-elastic fracture toughness testing includes slow and rapid loading, crack initiation, and crack arrest method. Nonlinear testing comprises J IC...
Abstract
This article describes the test methods of fracture toughness, namely, linear-elastic and nonlinear fracture toughness testing methods. Linear-elastic fracture toughness testing includes slow and rapid loading, crack initiation, and crack arrest method. Nonlinear testing comprises J IC testing, J-R curve evaluation, and crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) method. Other methods used include the combined J standard method, the common fracture toughness test, transition fracture toughness testing, and the weldment fracture testing method.
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Effect of grain size on fracture toughness. (a) Dynamic fracture toughness ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 1998
Fig. 51 Effect of grain size on fracture toughness. (a) Dynamic fracture toughness ( K Id ) curves for fully pearlitic steels as a function of temperature for three prior austenite grain sizes. (b) Fracture toughness as a function of temperature for St 37-3 steel (Fe-0.08C-0.45Mn) in two
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Image
Effect of grain size on fracture toughness. (a) Dynamic fracture toughness ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
Fig. 23 Effect of grain size on fracture toughness. (a) Dynamic fracture toughness ( K ID ) curves for fully pearlitic steels as a function of temperature for three prior-austenite grain sizes. (b) Fracture toughness as a function of temperature for St 37-3 steel in two grain sizes. Source
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Image
Fracture surface of an underaged fracture-toughness test specimen of Cu-2.5...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 904 Fracture surface of an underaged fracture-toughness test specimen of Cu-2.5Be alloy that had been aged for 1 1 2 h at 260 °C (500 °F) prior to being tested in air. Tensile strength was 930 MPa (135 ksi). Fracture was transgranular and produced the wide variety of dimple
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Image
Fracture surface of a fully aged fracture-toughness test specimen of Cu-2.5...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 905 Fracture surface of a fully aged fracture-toughness test specimen of Cu-2.5Be similar to that in Fig. 904 , but aged 3 h at 315 °C (600 °F) before being tested in air. Tensile strength was 1240 MPa (180 ksi). The dimples on the transgranular facets are much finer than in Fig. 904
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Image
Tensile-overload fracture in a fracture-toughness specimen of 64Cu-27Ni-9Fe...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 906 Tensile-overload fracture in a fracture-toughness specimen of 64Cu-27Ni-9Fe alloy that underwent spinodal decomposition during heat treatment for 10 h at 775 °C (1425 °F). The surface contains many intergranular facets with intervening regions of dimpled transgranular facets. See Fig
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Tensile-overload fracture in a fracture-toughness test specimen of the same...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 908 Tensile-overload fracture in a fracture-toughness test specimen of the same 64Cu-27Ni-9Fe alloy as in Fig. 906 , but here spinodal decomposition occurred during heat treatment at 775 °C (1425 °F) for 100 h. Only dimpled transgranular facets are visible (no intergranular facets
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Image
Surface of the fracture in a fracture-toughness test specimen of the same 6...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 909 Surface of the fracture in a fracture-toughness test specimen of the same 64Cu-27Ni-9Fe alloy as in Fig. 906 , 907 , and 908 , but which was heat treated at 775 °C (1427 °F) for 200 h. Very fine dimples can be seen among the larger ones. The large cavity at the center of this view
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Image
Fracture surface of a fracture-toughness test specimen of aluminum alloy 70...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 1005 Fracture surface of a fracture-toughness test specimen of aluminum alloy 7075-T6, showing the zone of transition from the fatigue-precrack region (below arrows) to the tension-overload plane-strain fracture region (above arrows). Specimen was aged 24 h at 120 °C (250 °F); tensile
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Image
Fracture surface of a ductile fracture-toughness specimen of titanium alloy...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 1141 Fracture surface of a ductile fracture-toughness specimen of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V that was solution treated for 40 min at 830 °C (1525 °F), water quenched, aged at 510 °C (950 °F), then loaded in three-point bending (in air). See also Fig. 1142 , 1143 , 1144 , and 1145 . SEM
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Image
Fracture surface of a fracture-toughness specimen of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 1150 Fracture surface of a fracture-toughness specimen of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V that was heat treated for 40 min at 955 °C (1750 °F), stabilized and then tested at 25 °C (77 °F) in hydrogen. (Stabilizing consisted of furnace cooling to 704 °C (1300 °F) from the heat-treating
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Image
Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 1152 Fracture surface of a fracture-toughness specimen same as in Fig. 1150 , except this specimen received a 24-h soak at 955 °C (1750 °F) before undergoing the stabilizing treatment. (Stabilizing consisted of furnace cooling to 704 °C (1300 °F) from the heat-treating temperature
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Image
Fracture surface of a fracture-toughness specimen of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 1154 Fracture surface of a fracture-toughness specimen of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V heat treated 40 min at 955 °C (1750 °F) and water quenched, aged at 510 °C (950 °F), and tested in hydrogen. (Structure is continuous β phase with dispersed α phase.) The fatigue-precrack region is at left
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Fracture surface of a fracture-toughness specimen of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 1155 Fracture surface of a fracture-toughness specimen of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V heat treated 40 min at 1040 °C (1900 °F), stabilized, and then tested in air at 25 °C (77 °F). (Stabilizing consisted of furnace cooling to 704 °C (1300 °F) from the heat-treating temperature, holding 1 h
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Image
Fracture surface of a fracture-toughness specimen of 18% Ni, grade 300, mar...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 806 Fracture surface of a fracture-toughness specimen of 18% Ni, grade 300, maraging steel; the heat treatment of this specimen was not reported. This view shows entry of the fatigue crack from bottom, and sharp onset of final fast fracture at center. See also Fig. 807 and 808
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