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R.J. Bucci, G. Nordmark, E.A. Starke, Jr.
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Book Chapter
Brittle Fracture Assessment and Failure Assessment Diagrams
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006809
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... a brief summary of historical failures that were found to be a result of brittle fracture, and describes key components that drive susceptibility to a brittle fracture failure, namely stress, material toughness, and cracklike defect. It also presents industry codes and standards that assess susceptibility...
Abstract
A detailed fracture mechanics evaluation is the most accurate and reliable prediction of process equipment susceptibility to brittle fracture. This article provides an overview and discussion on brittle fracture. The discussion covers the reasons to evaluate brittle fracture, provides a brief summary of historical failures that were found to be a result of brittle fracture, and describes key components that drive susceptibility to a brittle fracture failure, namely stress, material toughness, and cracklike defect. It also presents industry codes and standards that assess susceptibility to brittle fracture. Additionally, a series of case study examples are presented that demonstrate assessment procedures used to mitigate the risk of brittle fracture in process equipment.
Image
Location of initiation point of Ashland Oil tank brittle fracture failure. ...
Available to Purchase
in Brittle Fracture Assessment and Failure Assessment Diagrams
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 4 Location of initiation point of Ashland Oil tank brittle fracture failure. Source: Ref 7
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Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002385
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract This article illustrates the role that fracture mechanics can play in failure analysis. It describes the important failure criteria as relations between design and materials factors, which are used to correlate fracture mechanics analysis to the observations of a failure analysis...
Abstract
This article illustrates the role that fracture mechanics can play in failure analysis. It describes the important failure criteria as relations between design and materials factors, which are used to correlate fracture mechanics analysis to the observations of a failure analysis. Descriptions include an indication of how the factors are typically evaluated. The article also provides information on subcritical fracture mechanics. Finally, a group of failure analysis examples explain how fracture mechanics parameters can be determined and how they may be fitted into an overall failure investigation.
Book Chapter
Selecting Aluminum Alloys to Resist Failure by Fracture Mechanisms
Available to PurchaseBook: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002406
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... and standard specifications require the definition of tensile properties for a material, these data are only partly indicative of mechanical resistance to failure in service. Except for those situations where gross yielding or highly ductile fracture represents limiting failure conditions, tensile strength...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of fatigue and fracture resistance of aluminum alloys. It discusses the characteristics of aluminum alloy classes and the fracture mechanics of aluminum alloys. The article tabulates relative stress-corrosion cracking ratings for high-strength wrought aluminum products. It analyzes the selection of various alloys for stress-corrosion cracking resistance, including aluminum-lithium alloys, copper-free 7XXX alloys, and casting alloys. The article presents a list of typical tensile properties and fatigue limit of aluminum alloys. It also describes the effects of composition, microstructure, thermal treatments, and processing in fatigue crack growth of aluminum alloys.
Image
A fracture surface showing preferential failure along prior article boundar...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
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Failure analysis diagram. (a) Regimes of fracture mechanics. (b) Elastic-pl...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
Fig. 6 Failure analysis diagram. (a) Regimes of fracture mechanics. (b) Elastic-plastic region. (c) Normalized diagram
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Image
Three types of failure in deep drawing. (a) Fracture over punch nose; punch...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2006
Fig. 58 Three types of failure in deep drawing. (a) Fracture over punch nose; punch nose radius is too sharp. (b) Chevron fracture in wall; die-profile radius is too sharp. (c) Vertical crack in thick-walled cups; die-profile radius may be too sharp, and blank edge may be poor.
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Cutting tool failure modes. (a) Characteristic wear and fracture surfaces o...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1989
Fig. 11 Cutting tool failure modes. (a) Characteristic wear and fracture surfaces on cutting tools. (b) Catastrophic failure. (c) Typical wear measurements for a turning tool. VB = flank wear. Source: Ref 9
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Image
Brittle fracture of AISI 1020 hydraulic jack shaft. Failure originated at r...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 119 Brittle fracture of AISI 1020 hydraulic jack shaft. Failure originated at root of machined thread. Corrosion (evident on part) and fatigue (due to repeated loading of shaft) may also have played roles in the failure. Photomicrograph of fracture surface shows transgranular cleavage
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Image
Fatigue fracture of AISI type 302 spring wire. Failure initiated at grain-b...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1987
Fig. 613 Fatigue fracture of AISI type 302 spring wire. Failure initiated at grain-boundary damage called “alligatoring,” a condition resulting from overetching during acid cleaning. Alligatoring is always detrimental to fatigue resistance and in extreme cases (such as this one) can lead
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Image
Example of how fracture surface features can point to the failure origin. (...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1986
Fig. 12 Example of how fracture surface features can point to the failure origin. (a) Fractograph of a high-velocity fracture in steel plate showing chevron pattern indicating the origin (left). (b) Schematic view of (a)
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Image
Published: 01 January 2002
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Fracture mechanics concepts governing the prediction of failure under condi...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 2 Fracture mechanics concepts governing the prediction of failure under conditions of cyclic fatigue
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Fracture surfaces of failed shafts. (a) and (b) Failure by fatigue. (c) and...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 6 Fracture surfaces of failed shafts. (a) and (b) Failure by fatigue. (c) and (d) Failure by torsional shear. See text for discussion.
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Failure of tension springs ( example 11 ). (a) Spring fracture surface show...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 25 Failure of tension springs ( example 11 ). (a) Spring fracture surface showing the presence of a discolored precrack region. 3×. (b) Cross section through the precracked region of the spring revealing a thick scale (vertical surface) on the fracture surface. 2% nital etch. 148×
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Image
Fracture surfaces of failed shafts. (a) and (b) Failure by fatigue. (c) and...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 27 Fracture surfaces of failed shafts. (a) and (b) Failure by fatigue. (c) and (d) Failure by torsional shear. See text for discussion.
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Image
Fracture in an orthopedic bone plate. A failure was caused by fretting dama...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 7 Fracture in an orthopedic bone plate. A failure was caused by fretting damage (loss of protective oxide layer) in the countersunk portion of the plate.
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Percent intergranular fracture, reduction of area, and strain to failure of...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2003
Fig. 21 Percent intergranular fracture, reduction of area, and strain to failure of iron, iron + phosphorus, and iron + phosphorus + manganese alloys tested at various cathodic potentials
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Image
Percent intergranular fracture and the normalized strain to failure plotted...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2003
Fig. 22 Percent intergranular fracture and the normalized strain to failure plotted as a function of sulfur content at the grain boundary for straining electrode tests at a cathodic potential of −600 mV (SCE)
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Fracture surface of an ASTM Type A 36 steel member. Failure started by fati...
Available to Purchase
in Failures from Various Mechanisms and Related Environmental Factors
> Metals Handbook Desk Edition
Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 15 Fracture surface of an ASTM Type A 36 steel member. Failure started by fatigue (arrows) and progressed only a short distance before brittle fracture occurred.
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