Search Results for forming limit diagram

Fig. 14 The forming-limit diagram and forming-limit curve More

Fig. 3 The forming limit diagram. In real forming operation, the material experiences stretching in both directions, as illustrated by the “Stretch” circle; stretching in only one direction, as illustrated by the “Plane strain” circle; or stretching in one direction while reducing in the other More

Fig. 9 Forming limit diagram showing strain states where forming is safe (below curve) and where stampings will begin to fail from localized necking during forming (above curve). The strain values are determined from deformed circle grids placed on the blank before forming. More

Fig. 1 Forming limit diagram for 301 stainless steel in the 1 4 hard condition. Samples were machined in the rolling direction. Source: Ref 7 More

Fig. 4 Typical forming limit diagram for steel More

Fig. 6 Forming limit diagram including shear fracture. Source: Ref 15 More

Fig. 31 Strain measurements and forming limit diagram for aluminum-killed steel. Source: Ref 76 More

Fig. 4 A Representative forming limit diagram and 10% marginal zone More

Fig. 10 Forming limit diagram (FLD) comparing correct and incorrect circle-reading techniques Parameter Actual properties n -value 0.253 Initial thickness, mm 0.800 FLC 0 , % 41.8 Failure thinning, % 29.5 Failure thinout limit, mm 0.564 Marginal FLC 0 More

Fig. 17 Forming-limit diagram for various sheet metals More

Fig. 4 A forming limit diagram (FLD). Strains in the critical zone and above it will result in excessive breakage. Strain conditions on the left side require high r values, while strain conditions on the center and right side require good ductility (a high percentage elongation in tensile More

Fig. 5 Relationship between the plane-strain intercept on a forming limit diagram (FLD 0 ) and the strain-hardening exponent as a function of thickness. FLD 0 depends only on thickness for values n greater than 0.21. Source: Ref 2 More

Fig. 16 Sample of (a) forming-limit diagram (FLD) and (b) the corresponding points displayed onto the part. R m is the average Lankford coefficient. Zone 4 for insufficient stretching is selected here as points within a radius of 0.002 from the origin of the FLD. Courtesy of ESI Group Inc. More

Fig. 26 Typical forming-limit diagram for steel More

Fig. 62 Typical forming limit diagram for steel More

Fig. 2 Forming limit diagram of 0.9-mm (0.035-in.) thick 6022-T43 sheet. Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. 16 Forming-limit diagram for various sheet metals. Source: Ref 3 More

Fig. 22 Forming limit diagram for aluminum-killed steel sheet. Source: Ref 21 More

Fig. 9 Forming-limit diagrams for various grades of high-strength steel, advanced high-strength steel, and mild steel More

Fig. 3 Forming-limit diagrams for two 3 xxx -series aluminum alloys. Source: Ref 7 More