Fig. 29 Forging pressure required for upsetting versus (a) forging temperature and (b) percentage of upset reduction. Source: Ref 62 More

Fig. 10 Forging pressure versus average height of forging for carbon and low-alloy steel forgings. Lower curve is for relatively simple parts; upper curve relates to more difficult-to-forge part geometries. Data are for flash land-to-thickness ratios from 2 to 4 More

Fig. 4 Forging pressure required for upsetting versus (a) forging temperature and (b) percentage of upset reduction. Source: Ref 2 More

Fig. 9 Forging pressure required for upsetting vs. forging temperature for austenitic stainless steels and A-286 iron-nickel superalloy. Source: Ref 5 More

Fig. 6 Effect of forging temperature on forging pressure required for upsetting to a 10% reduction at hydraulic press speeds for a magnesium alloy and an aluminum alloy More

Fig. 2 Effect of forging temperature on forging pressure for three titanium alloys and 4340 alloy steel. Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. 5 Forging pressure required for upsetting versus (a) forging temperature and (b) percentage of upset reduction More

Fig. 16 Effect of forging temperature on forging pressure required for upsetting to a 10% reduction at hydraulic press speeds for a magnesium alloy and an aluminum alloy More

Fig. 18 Effect of forging temperature on forging pressure for three titanium alloys and 4340 alloy steel More

Fig. 19 Forging pressure and flow stress of Ti-6Al-4V. (a) Effect of die temperature at various strain rates. (b) Effect of grain size distribution on flow stress versus strain rate data for Ti-6Al-4V at 927 °C (1700 °F). Lot A, average grain size of 4 μm and grain size range of 1 to 10 μm More

Fig. 9 Forging pressure versus temperature for three steels. Data are shown for reductions of 10 and 50%; strain rate was constant at 0.7 s −1 Source: Ref 10 More

Fig. 10 (a) Forging pressure and ejection force as functions of density for the PF-4600 powder-forged gear shown in Fig. 12 . Preform temperature: 1100 °C (2010 °F). (b) Ejection force after forging as a function of preform temperature for a powder-forged gear. Forging pressure ranged from More

Fig. 28 Effect of upset reduction on forging pressure for various temperatures. Source: Ref 61 More

Fig. 9 Effect of die temperature on forging pressure at various strain rates for Ti-6Al-4V More

Fig. 10 (a) Forging pressure and ejection force as functions of density for the P/F-4600 powder forged gear shown in Fig. 12 . Preform temperature: 1100 °C (2010 °F). (b) Ejection force after forging as a function of preform temperature for a powder forged gear. Forging pressure ranged from More

Fig. 8 Forging pressure vs. temperature for three steels. Data are shown for reductions of 10 and 50%. Strain rate was constant at 0.7 s −1 . Source: Ref 29 More

Fig. 9 Forging pressure for low-carbon steel upset at various temperatures and two strain rates. Source: Ref 30 More

Fig. 10 Forging pressure for AISI 4340 steel upset at various temperatures and two strain rates. Source: Ref 29 More

Fig. 3 Effect of upset reduction on forging pressure for various temperatures. Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. 7 Forging pressure vs. temperature for A-286. Also shown is the effect of increasing temperature on the tensile strength of the material. Upset strain rate: 0.7 s −1 . Source: Ref 6 More