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Book Chapter

By Brian S. Hayes, Luther M. Gammon
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0009077
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Abstract Analyzing the structure of composite materials is essential for understanding how the part will perform in service. Assessing fiber volume variations, void content, ply orientation variability, and foreign object inclusions helps in preventing degradation of composite performance...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006880
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... by mechanical contact of the glass surface with a sharp, hard object. Scanning electron microscope Another way to locate the fracture origin, especially in strength tests, is to make use of the overall crack pattern. This can be facilitated in bend tests by applying tape to the compression side...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003800
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
.../asm.hb.v09.a0003800 www.asminternational.org Glossary of Terms 1-butanol. See n-butyl alcohol. chromatic aberration for two colors. See also alloy system. A complete series of compositions 2-butoxyethanol. See butyl cellosolve. achromatic objective. produced by mixing in all proportions any achromatic...
Book

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.9781627081771
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003436
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... in the industry when access is limited to one side or when film-type foreign material inclusions are possible. These foreign materials have acoustic impedance very close to the composite and thus do not cause much difference in TT attenuation (less than 0.5 dB). However, these materials will generate significant...
Book Chapter

By R.J. Eiber, J.F. Kiefner
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001820
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... area. These metallographic sections are examined in an optical (light) microscope to determine the nature of the defect and the general features of the microstructure. When inclusions or foreign particles are present, examination in the scanning electron microscope using an energy-dispersive x-ray...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006478
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... inclusions are possible. These foreign materials have acoustic impedance very close to the composite and thus do not cause much difference in TT attenuation (less than 0.5 dB). However, these materials will generate significant reflections (20 to 30% of front wall) in PE mode. For automated PE inspection...
Book

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.9781627081900
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
Book Chapter

By Ronald L. Widner
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001810
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... brinelling Indentations near filling slot or other isolated area on raceway Excessive external force when assembling rolling elements Irregular indentations all over rolling elements Abrasive products or other foreign matter Flaking At isolated areas on raceway Early stage of fatigue...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003238
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract Radiography is a nondestructive-inspection method that is based on the differential absorption of penetrating radiation by the part or test piece (object) being inspected. This article discusses the fundamentals and general applications of radiography, and describes the sources...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003226
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... the fracture surface. Chemical damage to a fracture can be prevented in a number of ways, and each laboratory has its preferred method. Because the identification of foreign material present on a fracture surface may be important in the overall interpretation of the cause of fracture, many laboratories...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006764
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
.../testing—direct viewing, borescopes, video, magnifying glass, speckle metrology Visual observation of the test object surface to evaluate dimensions, color, and presence of surface discontinuities Postmanufacturing inspections, in-service inspections looking for dimensional anomalies, color variation...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003509
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... electron beam welds electroslag welds fatigue fitness-for-service assessment flash welds friction welding high-frequency induction welds inclusions joint design laser beam welds mechanical testing porosity upset butt welds weld discontinuity weldment failure weldment integrity WELDMENT...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006315
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
.... A certain lattice face of the foreign particle (inclusion) substrate has a certain corresponding relationship to the lattice parameter and orientation of a graphite crystal lattice. Satisfy the interfacial energy requirement between a heterogeneous nucleus and graphite: only when the foreign particles...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006758
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... or secondary cracking sites are found, the factor in allowing damage may be due to an overall degradation of the part due to manufacturing or in-service flaws rather than foreign object damage (FOD) or a single material defect issue rather than design, material process, or human factor related factors...
Book Chapter

By Larry D. Hanke
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005685
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... and Mounting in Surface Analysis.” In general, avoid touching the sample, especially the area of interest, with bare hands. Fingers inherently have organic and inorganic compounds that can contaminate the sample. Additionally, fingers may pick up foreign material and transfer it to the sample or remove...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006457
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
...: No adhesive film Protective film left on adhesive Foreign objects (inclusions) In practice, these conditions must be prevented by process control and training of the personnel engaged in the bonding operation. The first two conditions occur infrequently. Shavings, chips, wires, and so on can...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006834
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... that the number of defects is less than a fraction of parts per million, delivering high-tech quality-engineered products at the lowest possible prices with an objective of zero defects ( Ref 1 ). Bearing Materials and Heat Treatments Steels Tables 3 to 6 give an overview of the five main REB steel...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003791
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
..., the operating conditions selected, and the material being sprayed. Figure 5 is a micrograph of a thermal sprayed 80Ni-20Cr alloy coating applied with the HVOF process. The microstructure includes partially melted particles and dark oxide inclusions that are characteristic of many metallic coatings sprayed...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003244
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... technique used should not introduce extraneous structures, such as disturbed metal, pitting, dragging out of inclusion, “comet tailing,” and staining. Polishing usually is conducted in several stages. Rough polishing generally is traditionally done with 6 or 3 μm diamond abrasive charged onto napless or low...