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Book Chapter
Fluidized-Bed Quenching
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005794
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract The fluidized bed provides a means for exchanging heat between a metal part, the solid particles, and the fluidizing gas and which is viable for quenching. This article briefly considers the design aspects of the gas distributor, plenum, container, immersed cooling tubes and surface...
Abstract
The fluidized bed provides a means for exchanging heat between a metal part, the solid particles, and the fluidizing gas and which is viable for quenching. This article briefly considers the design aspects of the gas distributor, plenum, container, immersed cooling tubes and surface air spray cooling system in the quenching fluidized bed. It describes the fundamental factors affecting quenching power of the fluidized beds, namely, particle size, particle material, fluidizing gas composition, fluidizing gas flow rate, bed temperature and pressure, and the arrangement of quenched parts with respect to one another and to the bed. The article discusses the advantages, disadvantages, various applications and processes, including conventional batch quenching, two-step batch quenching, and continuous quenching of fluidized bed quenching, in detail.
Image
Cooling curves for fluidized-bed quenching of a 430 kg (946 lb) H13 hot-wor...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2013
Fig. 13 Cooling curves for fluidized-bed quenching of a 430 kg (946 lb) H13 hot-work steel die casting tool. T/C, thermocouple. Source Ref 3
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Image
Published: 01 February 2024
Image
Cooling curves for fluidized-bed quenching of a 430 kg (946 lb) H13 hot wor...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 February 2024
Fig. 56 Cooling curves for fluidized-bed quenching of a 430 kg (946 lb) H13 hot work steel die casting tool. T/C, thermocouple
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Book Chapter
Other Quenchants and Quenching Processes
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007014
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... heat-transfer rates for various quench media Table 1 Comparison of typical heat-transfer rates for various quench media Quenching medium Heat-transfer rate, W/m 2 · K Still air 50–80 Nitrogen, 1 bar 100–150 Salt bath or fluidized bed 350–500 Nitrogen, 10 bar 400–500...
Abstract
This article presents a detailed discussion on the characteristics, types, properties, quenchants, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of various types of quenching: air quenching, water quenching, rinse quenching, time quenching, press quenching, delayed quenching, fluidized-bed quenching, ultrasonic quenching, intercritical quenching, subcritical quenching, ausbay quenching, hot isotactic press quenching, slack quenching, differential quenching, and double quenching.
Image
Published: 01 August 2013
Image
Guide to the range of heat-transfer coefficients for various quench media a...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2013
Fig. 4 Guide to the range of heat-transfer coefficients for various quench media against fluidized-bed quenching. Source: Ref 2
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Comparison of heat-transfer coefficient for water, forced-air, and fluidize...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 November 2018
Fig. 27 Comparison of heat-transfer coefficient for water, forced-air, and fluidized-bed quenching
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Comparison of heat-transfer coefficient for water, forced-air, and fluidize...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 June 2016
Fig. 34 Comparison of heat-transfer coefficient for water, forced-air, and fluidized-bed quenching
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Book Chapter
Fluidized-Bed Heat Treating Equipment
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005927
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
..., are also discussed. Finally, the article reviews the principles and applications of fluidized-bed heat treatment. carbonitriding carburizing decarburization fluidized-bed furnaces fluidized-bed quenching gas-fluidized beds hardening heat treatment heat-transfer coefficient nitriding...
Abstract
This article discusses the important characteristics of fluidized beds. The total space occupied by a fluidized bed can be divided into three zones: grid zone, main zone, and above-bed zone. The article discusses the various types of atmospheres of fluidized beds, such as oxidizing and decarburizing atmosphere; nitrocarburizing and nitriding atmosphere; carburizing and carbonitriding atmosphere; and chemical vapor deposition atmosphere. External resistance heating, external combustion heating, internal resistance heating, direct resistance heating, submerged combustion heating, and internal combustion heating can be used to achieve the heat input for a fluidized bed. The article also describes the operations, design considerations, and applications of fluidized-bed furnaces in heat treating. Thermochemical surface treatments, such as carburizing, carbonitriding, nitriding, and nitrocarburizing, are also discussed. Finally, the article reviews the principles and applications of fluidized-bed heat treatment.
Image
Three-zone fluidized-bed arrangement and quench-temperature ranges. Source ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2013
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Published: 01 February 2024
Book Chapter
Processes and Furnace Equipment for Heat Treating of Tool Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005958
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... Abstract This article provides a detailed discussion on the heating equipment used for austenitizing, quenching, and tempering tool steels. These include salt bath furnaces, controlled atmosphere furnaces, fluidized-bed furnaces, and vacuum furnaces. The article discusses the types of nitriding...
Abstract
This article provides a detailed discussion on the heating equipment used for austenitizing, quenching, and tempering tool steels. These include salt bath furnaces, controlled atmosphere furnaces, fluidized-bed furnaces, and vacuum furnaces. The article discusses the types of nitriding and nitrocarburizing processes and the equipment required for heat treating tool steels to improve hardness, wear resistance, and thermal fatigue. The various nitriding and nitrocarburizing processes covered are salt bath nitrocarburizing, gas nitriding and nitrocarburizing, and plasma nitriding and nitrocarburizing.
Book Chapter
Heat Processing Equipment
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003198
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... of Fluidized-Bed Furnaces Applications of fluidized-bed furnaces to heat treatment of metals include continuous units for all types of wire and strip processing (such as patenting, austenitizing, annealing, tempering, and quenching); continuous rotary types for fasteners, bearings and other small parts...
Abstract
Batch furnaces and continuous furnaces are commonly used in heat treating. This article provides a detailed account of various heat treating equipment and its furnace types, including salt bath equipment (externally heated, immersed-electrode and submerged-electrode furnaces), and fluidized-bed equipment (external-resistance-heated fluidized beds). It describes various auxiliary equipment used in cold-wall furnaces, namely, heating elements and pumping systems. Five types of heat-resistant alloys are used for furnace parts, trays, and fixtures: Fe-Cr alloys, Fe-Cr-Ni alloys, Fe-Ni-Cr alloys, nickel-base alloys and cobalt-base alloys. The article lists the recommended applications for alloys for parts and fixtures for various types of heat treating furnaces.
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005230
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... to avoid distortion and excessive residual stress. This can be achieved by using water at temperatures between 70 and 85 °C (160 and 185 °F), boiling water, polyalkylene glycol, fluidized beds, forced air, and so on. The most common approach is to add polyalkylene glycol to the quench medium in varying...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of heat treatment processes, namely, solution heat treatment, quenching, natural aging, and artificial aging. It contains a table that lists the various heat treatment tempers commonly practiced for nonferrous castings. The article describes microstructural changes that occur due to the heat treatment of cast alloys.
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Cooling curve measured at the centerline of an AISI 4140 cylindrical probe ...
Available to Purchase
in Characterization of Heat Transfer during Quenching
> Steel Heat Treating Fundamentals and Processes
Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 5 Cooling curve measured at the centerline of an AISI 4140 cylindrical probe quenched in a fluidized bed (alumina plus air at room temperature) and with a fluidization number of 1.4. Source Ref 31
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Measured and calculated temperature history during quenching of small box-s...
Available to Purchase
in Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficients for Thermal Modeling
> Fundamentals of Modeling for Metals Processing
Published: 01 December 2009
Fig. 38 Measured and calculated temperature history during quenching of small box-shaped dies in a fluidized bed
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Guide to the range of heat-transfer coefficients for various alternative me...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 February 2024
Fig. 54 Guide to the range of heat-transfer coefficients for various alternative media against fluidized-bed (F/B) quenching
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Image
Effect of alumina grain size on cooling-rate curves for 50 × 100 mm (2 × 4 ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 February 2024
Fig. 51 Effect of alumina grain size on cooling-rate curves for 50 × 100 mm (2 × 4 in.) 90MnCrV8 steel samples quenched into an ambient-temperature fluidized bed
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Effect of alumina grain size on cooling rates for 50 mm (2 in.) diameter an...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2013
Fig. 5 Effect of alumina grain size on cooling rates for 50 mm (2 in.) diameter and 100 mm (4 in.) length steel samples quenched in an ambient-temperature fluidized bed. Source: Ref 1
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