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flaw detection
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006443
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... with an example that illustrates the integration of an ultrasonic reliability model with a CAD system. non-destructive evaluation process control reliability ultrasonic inspection model eddy current inspection model radiographic inspection model ultrasonic reliability model CAD system flaw detection...
Abstract
The success of a reliable non-destructive evaluation (NDE) application depends greatly on the expertise and thoroughness of the NDE engineering that is performed. This article discusses the general considerations of NDE in terms of NDE response and NDE system management and schedule. It describes the NDE engineering and NDE process control, along with some case studies related to the applications of NDE. The article reviews various models for predicting NDE reliability, such as ultrasonic inspection model, eddy current inspection model, and radiographic inspection model. It concludes with an example that illustrates the integration of an ultrasonic reliability model with a CAD system.
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in Nondestructive Inspection of Steel Bar, Wire, and Billets[1]
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
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in Nondestructive Inspection of Steel Bar, Wire, and Billets[1]
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 7 Principle of ultrasonic flaw detection for cold-drawn wires using three detection-mode probes. Source: Ref 1
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Image
in Nondestructive Inspection of Steel Bar, Wire, and Billets[1]
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 12 Eddy-current flaw-detection method for cold-drawn hexagonal bars. (a) Location of artificial flaws ranging from 0.5 to 19 mm (0.020 to 3 4 in.) below probe position. (b) Schematic of setup for standard voltage comparison (encircling coil) method (left) and plot of signals
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Image
in Nondestructive Inspection of Steel Bar, Wire, and Billets[1]
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 16 Schematic of eddy-current flaw-detection system used to inspect sheared bolt illustrated in Fig. 15 . Source: Ref 1
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006438
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... Abstract This article provides a discussion on general nondestructive evaluation (NDE) science and considerations for specific technique selection. It explains the basic concept of flaw detection and evaluation and probability of detection. The article provides an overview of NDE methods...
Abstract
This article provides a discussion on general nondestructive evaluation (NDE) science and considerations for specific technique selection. It explains the basic concept of flaw detection and evaluation and probability of detection. The article provides an overview of NDE methods with their applications, limitations, and advantages. It includes details on NDE codes, calibration standards, inspection frequency, guidance on how to perform inspections, applicability, and mandatory and nonmandatory practice. The article also provides tips on where to focus inspections in order to align with the likely areas of damage or degradation and a number of other aspects of inspection.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006460
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... and photorefractive two-wave mixing interferometer. The article concludes with information on the industrial applications of laser-ultrasonics, including thickness measurement, flaw detection, and material characterization. ultrasonic nondestructive inspection thermoelastic ablation thermoelastic vaporization...
Abstract
Laser-ultrasonics is a particular implementation of ultrasonic nondestructive inspection in which ultrasound is generated and detected by lasers. This article discusses the various mechanisms that ensure ultrasound generation and explains the possibility to get the equivalent of phase-array by numerical processing of an array of previously acquired laser-ultrasonic signals. The article describes the ultrasound generation by thermoelastic mechanism and ablation or vaporization. It illustrates the principle of optical detection of ultrasound with confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer and photorefractive two-wave mixing interferometer. The article concludes with information on the industrial applications of laser-ultrasonics, including thickness measurement, flaw detection, and material characterization.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006446
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... of intrinsic nonlinearity in intact solids, and the main mechanisms of excess nonlinearity in damaged metals. It describes the measurement methods for nonlinear ultrasonic materials characterization and flaw-detection. The article schematically illustrates the instrumentation used for measurements...
Abstract
Nonlinear ultrasonic nondestructive examination (NDE) techniques are based on nonlinear interaction of ultrasonic waves with the material to be characterized and defects to be detected. This article introduces the basic principles of nonlinear material-wave interaction, the origin of intrinsic nonlinearity in intact solids, and the main mechanisms of excess nonlinearity in damaged metals. It describes the measurement methods for nonlinear ultrasonic materials characterization and flaw-detection. The article schematically illustrates the instrumentation used for measurements of longitudinal wave and Rayleigh surface acoustic waves. It concludes with information on the applications of nonlinear ultrasonics.
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003045
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract Ultrasonic inspection is a nondestructive technique that is useful in both quality control and research applications for flaw detection in fiber-reinforced composite materials. This article describes ultrasonic nondestructive analysis by outlining its three basic types of scans...
Abstract
Ultrasonic inspection is a nondestructive technique that is useful in both quality control and research applications for flaw detection in fiber-reinforced composite materials. This article describes ultrasonic nondestructive analysis by outlining its three basic types of scans. It reviews the important quality control techniques used during the manufacture of composite components by analyzing tooling control, material control, pattern orientation control, and in-process control.
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Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 3 Use of scanning acoustical holography for the examination of flaws in the butt welding of a 152 mm (6 in.) thick steel plate. (a) Transducer locations above plate surface. (b) Flaw detected with +45° shear sound wave. (c) Flaw detected with 0° longitudinal sound wave. (d) Flaw detected
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006467
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... provides a discussion on electromagnetic systems, eddy-current systems, and magnetic permeability systems for detection of flaws on steel bars. It concludes with a description of nondestructive inspection of steel billets. cracks eddy-current system electromagnetic inspection inclusions liquid...
Abstract
This article focuses on nondestructive inspection of steel bars. The primary objective in the nondestructive inspection of steel bars and wire is to detect conditions in the material that may be detrimental to the satisfactory end use of the product. The article discusses various types of flaws encountered in the inspection of steel bars, including porosity, inclusions, scabs, cracks, seams, and laps. Inspection methods, such as magnetic-particle inspection. liquid penetrant inspection, ultrasonic inspection, and electromagnetic inspection, of steel bars are also described. The article provides a discussion on electromagnetic systems, eddy-current systems, and magnetic permeability systems for detection of flaws on steel bars. It concludes with a description of nondestructive inspection of steel billets.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003233
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
.... All magnetic flaw-detection methods rely in some way on the detection and measurement of the magnetic flux leakage field near the surface of the material, which is caused by the presence of the flaw. Material properties characterization methods rely on bulk measurements of the hysteretic properties...
Abstract
Magnetic field testing includes some widely used nondestructive evaluation methods to inspect magnetic materials for defects such as cracks, voids, and inclusions and to assess other material properties, such as grain size, texture, and hardness. This article discusses the principles of such defect detection, providing details on the origin, generation, and assessment of leakage field data. In addition, it discusses the metallurgical and magnetic properties of magnetic materials and the applications of magnetic field testing.
Image
in Nondestructive Inspection of Steel Bar, Wire, and Billets[1]
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 4 Schematic showing position of probe relative to flaw inside of bar and resulting wave display obtained for two methods of ultrasonic flaw detection. (a) Normal-beam method. (b) Angle-beam method. Wave display nomenclature: T, transmit pulse; S, surface reflection echo; F 1 , flaw echo
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Image
Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 9 Types and applications of coils used in eddy-current inspection. (a) Probe-type coil applied to a flat plate for crack detection. (b) Horseshoe-shape, or U-shape, coil applied to a flat plate for laminar-flaw detection. (c) Encircling coil applied to a tube. (d) Internal, or bobbin-type
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in Reliability of Flaw Detection by Nondestructive Inspection
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 2 Matrix of four possible outcomes from a nondestructive examination procedure for flaw detection
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Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003228
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract This article reviews nondestructive testing (NDT) and inspection techniques, namely liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, ultrasonics, X-ray, eddy current, visual and radiography that are commonly used to detect and evaluate flaws or leaks in an engineering system. This article compares...
Abstract
This article reviews nondestructive testing (NDT) and inspection techniques, namely liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, ultrasonics, X-ray, eddy current, visual and radiography that are commonly used to detect and evaluate flaws or leaks in an engineering system. This article compares the merits and limitations of these techniques and describes the various uses of NDT, including leak detection, metrology, structure or microstructure characterization, stress-strain response determination, and rapid identification of metals and alloys.
Image
in Reliability of Flaw Detection by Nondestructive Inspection
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 28 Detectability of different ellipsoidal flaws as a function of their orientation and shape. The shape of the ellipsoid is changed by varying the aspect ratio, where two of the major axes are kept equal and the third is decreased. The ratio of the constant major axes to the smaller
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in Nondestructive Evaluation of Pressed and Sintered Powder Metallurgy Parts[1]
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 11 Schematic of flaws and their x-ray images. Defect types that can be detected by x-ray radiography are those that change the attenuation of the transmitted x-rays. Source: Ref 11
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Image
in Nondestructive Inspection of Steel Bar, Wire, and Billets[1]
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 11 Plot of eddy-current signal output versus flaw depth to gage detectability of flaws in cold-drawn bars. Source: Ref 1
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Image
in Nondestructive Inspection of Steel Bar, Wire, and Billets[1]
> Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 20 Coil assembly used for the simultaneous detection of flaws and of variation in composition, structure, and hardness in steel bars. Dimension given in inches
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