Fig. 25 Sheet metal bending operations. (a) Straight flanging. (b) Stretch flanging. (c) Shrink flanging. (d) Hemming. (e) Seaming. (f) Curling More

Fig. 7 Combined trimming and flanging More

Fig. 6 Schematic of a shrink flanging and its key geometry parameters. (a) Unflanged blank. (b) Flanged sheet with wrinkles More

Fig. 7 Schematic of flanging process parameter definitions used in Eq 2 . Source: Ref 6 More

Fig. 15 Experimental setup for an aluminum shrink flanging study. Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. 16 Variation of springback on the aluminum shrink flanging due to flange length ( h ) and shrinking radius ( R sh ). Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. 5 Wiping dies. (a) Die set for flanging with spring-loaded pressure pad to hold material flat during forming. (b) Die for wiping radius More

Fig. 31 Cam-actuated single flanging die used for producing a multiflanged part. See text for description of operation. Dimensions given in inches More

Fig. 32 Compound flanging and hemming die without horizontal motion More

Fig. 50 Press-formed control arm on which embossing and hole flanging were of near-maximum severity. Dimensions given in inches More

Fig. 54 Corner bracket that was stiffened by beading and flanging. Dimensions given in inches More

Fig. 6 Factors affecting deformation and failure during stretch flanging of tailor-welded blanks More

Fig. 10 (a) Tube flanging schematic. (b) Cross section of a twin-tube suspension damper (aluminum outer tube) with a preloaded and sealed joint created by tube flanging More

Fig. 3 Flange forming. (a) Flanges can be formed from blanks with notched corners, but they must be welded in the corner for strength, shape retention, and chip resistance. (b) Flanges can be formed with drawn shapes. Here, no welding is required. More

Fig. 11 Toe cracking on the flange side of the flange-to-pipe fillet weld, showing the weld metal, heat-affected zone, and unaffected base metal. Cracking occurred in the martensitic (white) heat-affected zone of the flange. 2% nital etch More

Fig. 62 Cracks developed in the vicinity of a new flange that had been added to a process vessel a few weeks earlier. The operator at first sent two cut-out rings with the comment that the two were only 5 cm (2 in.) apart, yet one was cracked and the other was not. Once the relative position More

Fig. 18 The triple-flanged T-piece (a) may be poured in complicated molds with poor pouring directions (b and c), or in a simple, well-directed mold (d). More

Fig. 5 Pattern recognition score versus yield force for powder metal clamp flanges More

Fig. 15 Use of chills to reduce the number of risers (T) on a steel flange casting. (a) Side and top view of the casting illustrating locations of the eight risers used when the workpiece is divided into feeding areas without considering end effects. (b) Top view of identical casting showing More