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flaking

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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 37 Flaking of oxide scale during water quenching of S45C carbon steel. Water temperature is 30 °C (85 °F). Test specimen is a solid cylinder 10 mm (0.4 in.) in diameter by 30 mm (1.2 in.) in length. (a) Light oxide coating after heating for 3 min at 860 °C (1580 °F) in air in argon gas More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 28 Comparison of number of repeated impacts that lead to flaking of coatings in repeated hammering with a cemented carbide ball of 6.35 mm (0.25 in.) diameter. TRD, thermoreactive deposition/diffusion; PCVD, plasma chemical vapor deposition; PVD, physical vapor deposition More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 29 Comparison of numbers of cycles at which flaking of coatings occurred in a rolling test with 10% sliding. CVD, chemical vapor deposition; TRD, thermoreactive deposition/diffusion; PVD, physical vapor deposition More
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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 2 Schematic of the powdering and flaking of galvannealed coatings on sheet steels. OD, outside diameter; ID, inside diameter More
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 27 Similar to flaking, although peeling tends to be associated with soft and pliable fresh coatings that can be pulled away from or spontaneously flake away from the substrate or from between coats, due to loss of adhesion More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 18 Fine flaking damage on the surface of a shaft that served as a roller-bearing inner raceway. The flaking originated along the ridges of the surface finish of the shaft. More
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 20 (a) Commercially pure titanium tube with flaking of brittle hydride layer at weld on inside diameter. Original magnification: 8×. (b) Thick, black etching layer of hydride at weld showing hydride needles in weld and base material. Kroll’s etch. (c) Intergranular fracture of high More
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 50 (a) Fine flaking damage on the surface of a shaft that served as a roller-bearing inner raceway. The flaking originated along the ridges of the surface finish of the shaft. (b) Flaking (also known as micropitting) due to poor lubrication within a cylindrical roller bearing More
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Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 1 Graphite flake size as specified by ASTM A247. (a) Longest flakes 101.6 mm (4 in.) or more in length. (b) Longest flakes 50.8 to 101.6 mm (2 to 4 in.) in length. (c) Longest flakes 25.4 to 50.8 mm (1 to 2 in.) in length. (d) Longest flakes 12.7 to 25.4 ( 1 2 to 1 More
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Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 50 Scale flakes, dirt, foreign particles, and other contaminants can be found in a poorly maintained quench tank. More
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 2 Graphite shapes (a) lamellar or flake; (b) superfine; (c) compacted; (d) spheroidal; in cast iron: left column-optical microscopy, unetched; right column-SEM deep etched. Source: Ref 1 More
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 12 Typical flake graphite shapes specified in ASTM A247. Type A: uniform distribution, random orientation; Type B: rosette groupings; Type C: kish graphite (superimposed flake sizes, random orientation); Type D: interdendritic segregation with random orientation; Type E: interdendritic More
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 13 Characteristic cooling curves associated with different flake graphite shapes. T E is the equilibrium eutectic temperature More
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 14 Effect of maximum graphite flake length on the tensile strength of gray iron. Source: Ref 16 More
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 24 Effect of carbon equivalent on the tensile strength of flake, compacted, and spheroidal graphite irons cast in 30 mm (1.2 in.) diameter bars. Source: Ref 26 More
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 2 Types of graphite flakes in gray iron (AFS-ASTM). In the recommended practice (ASTM A 247), these charts are shown at a magnification of 100×. They have been reduced to one-third size for reproduction here. More
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 8 Effect of carbon equivalent on the tensile strength of flake, compacted, and spheroidal graphite irons cast into 30 mm (1.2 in.) diam bars. Source: Ref 10 More
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 23 Scaling and growth of heavy section flake and compacted graphite cast irons at 600 °C (1110 °F). Source: Ref 9 More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 7 Cold flake (presolidified aluminum from shot sleeve) entrapment in a casting contributing to “leak.” (a) Aluminum cold flakes on fracture surface. Original magnification: 8.7×. (b) Scanning electron micrograph of cold flakes, Arrow indicates regions of partial bonding with mating More
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 9 Fracture through the matrix between the graphite flakes of a gray iron. Original magnification: 250×. Courtesy of Stork Technimet, Inc. New Berlin, WI More