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Book Chapter

By R.C. Adams, Marvin Foston
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003405
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... the two basic methods, such as the trapped or fixed-volume rubber method and the variable-volume rubber method, of elastomeric tooling, which use the principles of thermal expansion molding. The significant properties and controlling equations that are required to characterize elastomeric tooling material...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003041
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... in.) thick fiberglass fabric, polyester nonwoven fabric Dam Prevents resin flow from edges Rubber neoprene cork tape with pressure-sensitive adhesive, silicone rubber, PTFE or metal bars Vacuum bag Applies autoclave pressure Various types for different cure temperatures, some semipermanent silicone...
Book Chapter

By Jeffrey A. Hawk
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003283
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... the test, and consequently, different materials can be compared directly for volume loss and material-removal mechanisms. Dry Abrasion against Loose Particles Many cases of abrasive wear occur where the abrasive particles are not fixed but are free to slide and rotate. The dry sand, rubber wheel...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005124
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
..., such as the forming of deeply recessed taillight reflectors for automobiles, and the deep drawing of toaster shells ( example 3 ). The application of rubber pads in press-brake dies is discussed in the article “Press-Brake Forming” in this Volume. In the past, flexible-die forming methods were designated...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003848
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... of this article is the use of elastomers as seals. Also see the article “Environmental Performance of Rubber Linings” in this Volume. Thermoplastic materials are long-chain polymers that are not connected by cross links ( Fig. 1 ). Very few elastomers are the thermoplastic type. They acquire...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006913
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... is available in Ref 5 on electrode systems, sample sizes and preconditioning, frequency ranges, and accompanying methods for calculating capacitance and AC loss. Typical values for the dielectric constant (permittivity) of some polar and nonpolar resins are given in Table 3 . Insulation Resistance, Volume...
Book Chapter

By Sufei Wei, Steve Lampman
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005257
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... thinner details to be cast, making surface details of the metal-cast components more prominent. Another advantage of centrifugal casting is the elimination or minimization of gates and risers. Centrifugal Casting Methods Centrifugal casting machines are categorized into three basic types based...
Book Chapter

By Edward L. Tobolski
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003275
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Abstract Miscellaneous hardness tests encompass a number of test methods that have been developed for specific applications. These include dynamic, or "rebound," hardness tests using a Leeb tester or a Scleroscope; static indentation tests on rubber or plastic products using the durometer...
Book Chapter

By S.L. Semiatin
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005100
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
..., stretching, bending, rubber-pad forming, and other methods ( Fig. 2 ). Sheet-forming methods can also be classified according to suitable methods in obtaining desired dimensional features, such as surface contours or deep recesses ( Table 1 ). Some methods of local deformation also extend beyond sheet...
Book Chapter

By Rebecca Tuszynski
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003030
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... ASTM D 3028-90, “Standard Test Method for Kinetic Coefficient of Friction of Plastic Solids” ( Ref 20 ), uses a variable-speed frictionometer to measure kinetic coefficients of friction. Three types of test specimens can be used: 20.0 ± 0.1 mm diameter rigid fixed specimens that weigh 5.0 ± 0.1 g...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005134
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... are desired in the end product. Bending Methods Bending of bar and other nontubular sections involves similar techniques to that of tubing, although tube bending may require additional supports inside the tube (see the article “Bending and Forming of Tubing” in this Volume). Methods common...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005135
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
...” in this Volume). Stretch Bending of Tube Stretch bending of tube may or may not involve the use of mandrel. Like stretch forming of bar, the advantage of this method is reduced springback, as the metal is stretched without compression in the inner part of the bend section. Ram-and-Press Bending...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003786
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... in the sample holder during polishing. The mount surface will remain flat, because the samples are held in-plane by the sample holder. This method provides optimal edge retention and flatness and is the recommended sample-preparation method for operators requiring larger volumes of throughput. Fig. 6...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003047
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... adhesives can be found in the Sections “Testing and Analysis” and “Designing with Adhesives and Sealants” in Adhesives and Sealants, Volume 3 of the Engineered Materials Handbook published by ASM International. Nondestructive Testing Present-day nondestructive testing (NDT) methods, while...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005154
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... methods often place high demands on the production system as a whole. High flexibility, fast changeover, and short decision times are important. In addition, apart from adapting a manufacturing facility to low-volume production, the right forming process must be chosen. In general, considerations...
Book Chapter

By Jim Molnar
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006006
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
..., logistics and transport experts managing the rail fleet make best-guess coating-selection decisions that have a higher risk and a higher chance of being less correct. Fixed installations receive more financial attention from the user than itinerant, often only leased rather than owned, railcars. Interior...
Book Chapter

By Steven M. Nourie
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001224
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
.... Process Parameters Process Selection Determining the most appropriate cleaning method for a given application requires a thorough analysis of the manufacturing process, including: Part conformation Dirt to be cleaned Volume of parts Batch size Materials handling Process before...
Book Chapter

By Walter Riggs, Dana Rucker, Ken Couch
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005730
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... Abstract This article describes the two commonly used standardized tests for determining the mechanical properties of thermal spray coatings: hardness testing and tensile adhesion testing. It discusses the destructive and non-destructive methods of residual-stress measurement. Electrochemical...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003042
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... parts. Machining Techniques Most composite structures are fabricated to near-net shape. The most useful machining technique to describe is the trimming operation, including the method, cutting tools, and speeds to obtain the final shape and configuration of cured composite parts. Research...
Book Chapter

By Joseph A. Douthett
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005139
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... Abstract This article discusses the selection of types of stainless steel for various methods of forming based on the formability and on the power required for forming. It reviews the requirements of lubrication, blanking, and piercing. The article describes various forming methods, namely...