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Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004035
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... for closed-die forgings, including finish allowances for machining, length and width tolerances, die-wear tolerance, match tolerances, die-closure or thickness tolerances, straightness and flatness tolerances, radii tolerances, flash-extension tolerances, and surface tolerances. It also contains a convenient...
Book Chapter

By James A. Rossow
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001021
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
...-to-finish factor or amount of stock that must be removed to satisfy the dimensional and detail requirements of the finished part. In addition to types and classifications, the article discusses critical design factors and ways to ensure that the resulting forgings measure up to metallurgical, mechanical...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006504
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... Abstract The necessary precursor to a proper and durable finish is the preparation of the active aluminum surface to receive the desired protective finish that will allow it to have a long and attractive service life. This article helps those who work with aluminum in the many varieties...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005118
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... Abstract Trimming is the removal of excess metal from a stamped part to allow the part to reach the finished stage or to prepare it for subsequent operations. This article presents an analysis of parts to be trimmed and describes the selection criteria for the different types of trimming dies...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005158
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... (first cut) is made on a workpiece, leaving a finish allowance; the electrical condition for the finish allowance is switched to finish condition, decreasing the offset amount gradually so as to perform two or more surface-removal passes for finishing. As in general-purpose EDM, however, increased speed...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004008
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... Abstract The drawing process, one of the oldest metal forming operations, allows excellent surface finishes and closely controlled dimensions to be obtained in long products that have constant cross sections. This article discusses the basic mechanics and preparation steps of drawing...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003401
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... of producing a part with the required geometry, but it is also important to note that the technique selected influences surface finish, allowable reinforcement configurations, available resins and their properties as matrices, as well as a host of other properties, including cost. Table 1 illustrates some...
Book Chapter

By Eric W. Brooman
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002494
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... throughout the part to help provide a uniform temperature distribution during heating Summary of design limitations for selected organic finishing processes Table 2 Summary of design limitations for selected organic finishing processes Process Design limitations Electrocoating Allow...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005188
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... component. Numerous factors influence the total cost of a finished cast component. These are considered in two groups: factors directly affecting the cost of a cast component and indirect cost factors for a finished casting. Dimensional tolerances and allowances are also discussed, since they have...
Book Chapter

By Robert C. Voigt
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005308
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
..., it is not dimensionally identical to the casting. A number of allowances must be made on the pattern to ensure that the finished casting is dimensionally correct, to ensure that the pattern can be effectively removed from the mold, and to allow for cores to be firmly anchored. Shrinkage Allowance Shrinkage...
Book Chapter

Book: Machining
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 16
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v16.a0002138
EISBN: 978-1-62708-188-7
... Abstract Roller burnishing is a method of working a metal surface to improve its finish and dimensional accuracy and can provide some degree of work hardening. This article discusses the workpiece requirements used for roller burnishing. It illustrates the types of roller burnishing tools...
Image
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 21 Application of tolerances and allowances to forgings. The dimensions are not to scale. a, finish machined; b, machine allowance; c draft allowance; d, die wear tolerance; e, shrink or, length tolerance; f, mismatch allowance More
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 25 Application of tolerances and allowances to forgings. The dimensions are not to scale. a, finish machined; b, machine allowance; c, draft allowance; d, die wear tolerance; e, shrink or length tolerance; f, mismatch allowance More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006531
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... except that minor straightening is allowed after stretching, to comply with standard tolerances T652 Solution heat treated, stress relieved by compressing to produce a permanent set of 1–5%, and artificially aged T654 Solution heat treated, stress relieved by restriking cold in the finish die...
Book Chapter

Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005256
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... flat flange faces, and blind and through holes as small as 9.6 mm ( 3 8 in.) in diameter can be attained. For those surfaces requiring finish machining, an allowance of 1.6 to 3.2 mm ( 1 16 to 1 8 in.) is usually sufficient. Acknowledgment Revised from R.E. Grote...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006050
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
...) that are painted, integrally colored, or covered by veneer (typically brick or stone), exterior insulating finishing systems (EIFS), or unpainted glass curtain walls. Figure 1 is a cutaway of a typical big-box retail store. Fig. 1 Cutaway of a typical big-box retail store. Supporting columns and roof...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006622
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
..., and naturally aged to a substantially stable condition 2011, 2014, alclad 2014, alclad 2024 Sheet: rolled or cold-finished rod, bar, or wire; drawn tube and extruded tube, wire, rod, bar, and profiles (2024 only) T31 Solution heat created, cold worked ~1%, and naturally aged to a substantially stable...
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 14 Conventional aluminum alloy forgings for gimbal ring: ring-rolled (a) and finished by closed-die forging (b). See Example 8 . Dimensions in figure given in inches Item Conventional closed-die forging (revised) Material and temper Aluminum alloy 2014-T6 (a) Forging More
Book Chapter

By Victoria Burt
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006519
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... Abstract Investment casting, in which molten metal is poured into hot molds, allows for the production of aluminum parts with extremely thin sections, knife edges and sharp detail. This article describes the various steps in the investment casting process, including patternmaking...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003979
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... are produced in relatively inexpensive dies, but their weight and dimensions are somewhat greater than those of corresponding conventional closed-die forgings. A blocker-type forging approximates the general shape of the final part, with relatively generous finish allowance and radii. Such forgings...