Fig. 88 Ductile-to-brittle transition in an annealed ferritic ductile iron (same alloy as in Fig. 83 and 84 ). Above demarcation line is region of dimpled rupture (the ductile fracture surface of the test sample after partial fracture at room temperature). Below line is region of quasi More

Fig. 2 Ductile and brittle fracture surface of ferritic ductile iron specimens (ASTM A536, 100-40-18 grade, annealed) generated by impact testing at different temperatures. (a) –20 °C (–4 °F)/72 kJ/m 2 . (b) 60 °C (140 °F)/200 kJ/m 2 . Source: Ref 9 More

Fig. 9 Ductile fracture in ferritic ductile iron illustrating very high nodule density, since the plane of fracture follows from nodule to nodule, exposing many more nodules than are visible in a single plane of polish. (a), 152×; (b), 769×. Courtesy of Element Materials Technology-Wixom More

Fig. 20 Comparison of fracture toughness of fully ferritic ductile iron (GGG-40) with ferritic ductile iron with 15% pearlite in matrix (S-45). Source: Ref 5 More

Fig. 97 Brittle cleavage fracture in ferritic ductile iron. SEM, 1000× (W.L. Bradley, Texas A&M University) More

Fig. 14 Fracture surface of ferritic ductile iron (ASTM 100-40-18 grade, annealed) samples broken by impact at –20 °C (–4 °F). Different magnifications. Source: Ref 9 More

Fig. 16 Typical fracture surfaces of ferritic ductile iron (ASTM A536, 100-40-18 grade, annealed) produced by impact loading. (a) Fracture surfaces generated at 20 °C, or 68 °F (within the transition temperature range). (b) Detail of cleavage facets and the river pattern formation. Source More

Fig. 22 Fatigue crack growth rate data for annealed ferritic ductile iron. Source: Ref 16 More

Fig. 7 Impact strength of four ferritic ductile iron castings. Source: Ref 32 More

Fig. 6 Fracture appearance of tensile specimen of a ferritic ductile iron with dark-colored fracture (dimple rupture) essentially throughout the fracture face. Courtesy of Element Materials Technology-Wixom. Source: Ref 12 More

Fig. 11 High-magnification view of internodular area of ferritic ductile iron at room temperature. SEM, ≈ 1900×. Reprinted with permission from the American Foundry Society. Source: Ref 14 More

Fig. 15 Dynamic tear energy versus silicon content for two ferritic ductile irons. Test temperature was 25 °C (75 °F). Phosphorus content was 0.01%. Specimen size: 190 mm (7 1 2 in.) long, 130 mm (5 1 8 in.) wide, and 41 mm (1 5 8 in.) thick; 13 mm ( 1 2 More

Fig. 21 Hot hardness of four annealed (ferritic) ductile irons. Source: Ref 13 More

Fig. 92 Fracture surface of a ferritic-pearlitic ductile iron. Note ductile fracture of ferrite in matrix around nodules and cleavage (brittle) fracture of pearlite in matrix. SEM, 50× (W.L. Bradley, Texas A&M University) More

Fig. 1 Microstructures of ductile iron. (a) As-cast ferritic. (b) As-cast pearlitic; hardness, 255 HB. (c) Ferritic, annealed 3 h at 700 °C (1290 °F). (d) Pearlitic ductile iron oil quenched and tempered to 255 HB. All etched in 2% nital. 100× More

Fig. 25 Stress-rupture properties of ductile iron: (a) Ferritic (annealed). (b) Pearlitic (normalized). The curve labeled creep shows the stress-temperature combination that will result in a creep rate of 0.0001%/h. Source: Ref 15 , 16 More

Fig. 83 As-cast ductile iron. Ferritic-pearlitic matrix. Etched with 4% nital. 100× More

Fig. 84 Ductile iron. Ferritic matrix. The casting was annealed at 900 °C (1650 °F), held 2 h, quick furnace cooled to 730 °C (1345 °F), slow furnace cooled to 600 °C (1110 °F), and air cooled. Etched with 4% nital. 100× More

Fig. 3 Optical Micrographs of ductile iron (a) ferritic matrix produced by intercritically austenizing at 732 °C (1350 °F) for 5 hours, cooling 10 °C (50 °F) per hour to 538 °C (1000 °F) and then air cooling; (b) fine pearlite in normalized ductile iron that was air cooled after austenitizing More

Fig. 87 Fracture surface of ferritic-pearlite ductile iron in Fig. 85 and 86 . The low-temperature fracture occurred via a brittle, quasi-cleavage mode. SEM, 715× (R.C. Voigt and L.M. Eldoky, University of Kansas) More