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Book Chapter
Effect of Surface Conditions and Processing on Fatigue Performance
Available to PurchaseBook: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002371
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... to improve fatigue resistance in terms of their respective effects on fatigue performance. The article details the experimental data sets representing specific materials, typical test geometries, and a range of different processing methods used to enhance resistance as compared to results for laboratory...
Abstract
This article presents an approach to characterize the effects of surface treatments to enhance fatigue properties, with particular concern for wear, corrosion, and thermal effects. It discusses the considerations in selecting fabrication or subsequent surface processing procedures to improve fatigue resistance in terms of their respective effects on fatigue performance. The article details the experimental data sets representing specific materials, typical test geometries, and a range of different processing methods used to enhance resistance as compared to results for laboratory tests.
Image
Effect of cathodic protection on the fatigue performance of alloy steel in ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2006
Fig. 28 Effect of cathodic protection on the fatigue performance of alloy steel in seawater. Tests performed on 6.4 mm ( 1 4 in.) diam specimens at a mean stress of 425 MPa (69 ksi)
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Image
Relationship between fatigue crack propagation performance and fracture tou...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
Fig. 67 Relationship between fatigue crack propagation performance and fracture toughness for laboratory-fabricated 2XXX and 7XXX aluminum alloy sheet. Mean crack growth life is that life averaged over four experimental conditions for each alloy. The four conditions were two frequencies, 2
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Image
Relationship between fatigue crack propagation performance and yield streng...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
Fig. 68 Relationship between fatigue crack propagation performance and yield strength for laboratory-fabricated 2XXX and 7XXX aluminum alloy sheet. Mean crack growth life is that life averaged over four experimental conditions for each alloy. The four conditions were two frequencies, 2 and 20
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Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002408
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract This article briefly reviews the factors that affect the fatigue strength of aluminum alloy weldments. It discusses a number of factors influencing the fatigue performance of welded aluminum joints. The article describes the effects of fatigue behavior on weldments based on parent...
Abstract
This article briefly reviews the factors that affect the fatigue strength of aluminum alloy weldments. It discusses a number of factors influencing the fatigue performance of welded aluminum joints. The article describes the effects of fatigue behavior on weldments based on parent alloy selection, weld joint configuration, and residual stress. The two categories of techniques that can result in improved fatigue life, such as modification of weld toe geometry and introduction of compressive residual stresses in the surface material, are detailed. The article analyzes the influence of section size on fatigue performance of aluminum alloy weldments.
Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002377
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract This article discusses the failure mechanism of springs. It describes the critical application factors that affect spring fatigue performance. These include: material type and strength; stress conditions; surface quality; manufacturing processes; rate of application of load...
Abstract
This article discusses the failure mechanism of springs. It describes the critical application factors that affect spring fatigue performance. These include: material type and strength; stress conditions; surface quality; manufacturing processes; rate of application of load; and embrittlement or cracking. The article summarizes the methods of statistical analysis of S-N data for general comparisons of fatigue strength of spring steels. The fatigue performance of springs is illustrated by Goodman diagrams. The article also exemplifies the examination of failed springs.
Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002400
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract Bending fatigue of carburized steel components is a result of cyclic mechanical loading. This article reviews the alloying and processing factors that influence the microstructures and bending fatigue performance of carburized steels. These include austenitic grain size, surface...
Abstract
Bending fatigue of carburized steel components is a result of cyclic mechanical loading. This article reviews the alloying and processing factors that influence the microstructures and bending fatigue performance of carburized steels. These include austenitic grain size, surface oxidation, retained austenite, subzero cooling, residual stresses, and shot peening. The article describes the analysis of bending fatigue behavior of the steels based on S-N curves that represents a stress-based approach to fatigue. It discusses the types of specimen used to evaluate bending fatigue in carburized steels. The stages of fatigue and fracture of the steels, namely crack initiation, stable crack propagation, and unstable crack propagation, are reviewed. The article analyzes the intergranular fracture at the prior-austenite grain boundaries of high-carbon case microstructures that dominates bending fatigue crack initiation and unstable crack propagation of direct-quenched carburized steels.
Book Chapter
Fatigue Resistance and Microstructure of Ferrous Alloys
Available to PurchaseBook: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002396
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... between microstructure and fatigue resistance. These alloys classes include ferritic-pearlitic alloys, martensitic alloys, maraging steels, and metastable austenitic alloys. The article also discusses the role of internal defects and selective surface processing in influencing fatigue performance...
Abstract
This article reviews general trends in the cyclic response for representative commercial alloys to establish the spectrum of cyclic properties attainable through microstructural alteration. Individual alloy classes are examined in detail to assess the understanding of relationships between microstructure and fatigue resistance. These alloys classes include ferritic-pearlitic alloys, martensitic alloys, maraging steels, and metastable austenitic alloys. The article also discusses the role of internal defects and selective surface processing in influencing fatigue performance.
Book Chapter
Microstructures and Properties of Carburized Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005982
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
..., and the formation and causes of microcracks. The article discusses the effects of alloying elements on hardenability, the effects of excessive retained austenite and massive carbides on fatigue resistance, the effects of residual stresses and internal oxidation on fatigue performance of carburized steels...
Abstract
This article describes the microstructure, properties, and performance of carburized steels, and elucidates the microstructural gradients associated with carbon and hardness gradients. It provides information on case depth measurement, the factors affecting case depth, and the formation and causes of microcracks. The article discusses the effects of alloying elements on hardenability, the effects of excessive retained austenite and massive carbides on fatigue resistance, the effects of residual stresses and internal oxidation on fatigue performance of carburized steels. In addition, the causes of intergranular fracture at austenite grain boundaries and their prevention methods are explored. The article also describes the major mechanisms of bending fatigue crack initiation in carburized steels.
Book Chapter
Fatigue Properties of Copper Alloys
Available to PurchaseBook: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002411
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... in the fatigue performance of beryllium copper alloys. beryllium copper alloys brass bronze copper alloys fatigue performance fatigue strength fatigue testing microstructure nickel silver S-N curves spinodal alloys tensile strength COMPARED to most structural materials, relatively few...
Abstract
Copper alloys are classified by the International Unified Numbering System designations to identify alloy groups by major alloying element. This article presents the designations and compositions of various copper alloys, such as brasses, nickel silvers, bronzes, beryllium coppers, and spinodal alloys. It discusses the fatigue testing of the copper alloys and tabulates the tensile and fatigue strengths of the copper alloys. The article schematically illustrates S-N curves for the solid-solution (non-aging) strengthened alloys. It concludes with a discussion on the role of microstructure in the fatigue performance of beryllium copper alloys.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003318
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Abstract This article provides a review of fatigue test methodologies and an overview of general fatigue behavior, fatigue crack initiation and fatigue crack propagation of advanced engineering plastics. It also describes the factors affecting fatigue performance of polymers and concludes...
Abstract
This article provides a review of fatigue test methodologies and an overview of general fatigue behavior, fatigue crack initiation and fatigue crack propagation of advanced engineering plastics. It also describes the factors affecting fatigue performance of polymers and concludes with information on fractography, a useful tool in failure analysis.
Book Chapter
Fatigue and Fracture Mechanisms in Polymers
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006918
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... performance of polymers. crack-tip process fatigue crack growth fatigue fracture fatigue life analysis plastics toughening FATIGUE is of critical concern when designing polymeric components for structural applications. Like all engineering materials, fatigue failure often ensues in the polymer...
Abstract
This article reviews generalized test methodologies for fatigue characterization of polymers and examines fatigue fracture mechanisms in different engineering plastics. It provides detailed micromechanistic images of crack-tip processes for a variety of semicrystalline and amorphous engineering polymers. The article describes fracture mechanics solutions and approaches to the fatigue characterization of engineering polymers when dealing with macroscale fatigue crack growth. It includes mechanistic images for high-density polyethylene, ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene, nylon 6, 6, polycarbonate, and polypropylene. The article describes the micromechanisms of toughening of plastics and uses a macroscale approach of applying fracture mechanics to the fatigue life prediction of engineering polymers, building on the mechanistic concepts. It also describes the factors affecting fatigue performance of polymers.
Book Chapter
Effects of Process-Induced Defects on Fatigue Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Metallic Materials
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006985
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... Abstract Fatigue failure is a critical performance metric for additively manufactured (AM) metal parts, especially those intended for safety-critical structural applications (i.e., applications where part failure causes system failure and injury to users). This article discusses some...
Abstract
Fatigue failure is a critical performance metric for additively manufactured (AM) metal parts, especially those intended for safety-critical structural applications (i.e., applications where part failure causes system failure and injury to users). This article discusses some of the common defects that occur in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) components, mitigation strategies, and their impact on fatigue failure. It summarizes the fatigue properties of three commonly studied structural alloys, namely aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, and nickel-base superalloy.
Book Chapter
Structure-Properties Relationships in Metal Additive Manufacturing
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006990
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
.... Porosity Additive manufacturing induces geometric discontinuities or defects that are detrimental to fatigue behavior ( Ref 22 ), and studies have been performed that focused on determining which mechanisms are driving fatigue failure ( Ref 23 ). Porosity in the material produce significant variations...
Abstract
Structure-property relationships for metal additive manufacturing (AM) using solidification-based AM processes (e.g., powder-bed fusion and directed-energy deposition) are the focus of this article. Static strength and ductility properties in AM materials are impacted heavily by the microstructure but are also affected by porosity and surface roughness. Fatigue failure in AM materials is also influenced by porosity, surface roughness, microstructure, and residual stress due to applied manufacturing processing parameters. Post-processing treatments can further influence fatigue failure in AM materials.
Image
Two-parameter Weibull plot showing probability of failure versus the natura...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2008
, either pores or oxides can be the controlling defect. In zone III, oxides alone control fatigue life. It is not until both porosity and oxide inclusions are eliminated that these aluminum castings achieve the highest fatigue performance, shown in zone IV. Source: Ref 30
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Image
Conceptual procedure for evaluating processing effects on fatigue performan...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
Book Chapter
Replacement for Hard Chrome Plating on Aircraft Landing Gear
Available to PurchaseBook: Thermal Spray Technology
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005739
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... of achieving equivalent corrosion, wear, and fatigue performance. To achieve such results, development of optimized control parameters for either HVOF system is critical for minimizing the potential fatigue debt associated with the use of such wear coatings. The application of wear coatings to various...
Abstract
High-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF)-applied thermal spray coatings are viable candidates for replacement of hard chrome in numerous applications. HVOF thermal spraying can be used to deposit both metal alloy and cermet coatings that are dense and highly adherent to all the commonly used base metals in airframe structures. This article summarizes the results of materials and component testing. It also presents a cost/benefit analysis of HVOF WC/17Co and WC/10Co4Cr coatings on aircraft landing gear components.
Book Chapter
Fitness-for-Service Assessment of Welded Structures
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001477
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... of proposed methodologies to assess the fatigue behavior of different welded joint geometries. The most widely used procedure for assessing the fatigue performance of welded joints is the S-N curve approach. In general, the fatigue life of a component is comprised of initiation and propagation phases...
Abstract
Fitness-for-service assessment procedures can be used to assess the integrity, or remaining life, of components in service. Depending on the operating environment and the nature of the applied loading, a structure can fail by a number of different modes: brittle fracture, ductile fracture, plastic collapse, fatigue, creep, corrosion, and buckling. This article focuses on the broad categories of these failure modes: fracture, fatigue, environmental cracking, and high-temperature creep. It also discusses the benefits of a fitness-for-service approach.
Book Chapter
2297 and 2397 Plate for Fatigue Critical Applications
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006612
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
.... In addition, alloy 2297-T87 exhibited significant improvements in standard fatigue and fatigue crack growth tests. The spectrum fatigue performance was especially improved compared with 2124-T851 ( Fig. 1 ). Alloy 2397, introduced in 2003, is identical in the main alloying elements in alloy 2297, except...
Abstract
Alloys 2297 and 2397 were developed for thick plate integral structures. This datasheet provides information on composition limits of these 2xxx series alloys and processing effects on mechanical properties of alloy 2297-T87 plate. A figure provides a performance comparison of 2297-T87 and 2124-T851 plates.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001024
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... . The ductility of the surface, as expressed by the ratio of yield strength to fracture strength in Fig. 9 , is improved by increasing amounts of retained austenite. This improved ductility often results in improved rolling-contact fatigue performance. Figure 10 illustrates this improvement by showing...
Abstract
Bearing steels, which include high-carbon and low-carbon types, can be divided into service-based classes, such as normal service, high-temperature service, and service under corrosive conditions. This article discusses the importance of matching the hardenability and quenching of a bearing steel. It also discusses the typical microstructure of a high-carbon through-hardened bearing, and shows typical case and core microstructures in carburized bearing materials. Apart from a satisfactory microstructure, which is obtained through the proper combination of steel grade and heat treatment, the single most important factor in achieving high levels of rolling-contact fatigue life in bearings is the cleanliness, or freedom from harmful nonmetallic inclusions, of the steel. Alloy conservation and a more consistent heat-treating response are benefits of using specially designed bearing steels. The selection of a carburizing steel for a specific bearing section is based on the heat-treating practice of the producer, either direct quenching from carburizing or reheating for quenching, and on the characteristics of the quenching equipment.
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