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Book Chapter
Effect of Crack Shape on Fatigue Crack Growth
Available to PurchaseBook: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002359
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... stresses, texture, loading mode, environment, and crack coalescence. Measurement of crack shapes or aspect ratios during fatigue crack growth can be performed by a number of techniques. The article describes the estimation of the stress-intensity factor for arbitrarily-shaped cracks and failure prediction...
Abstract
This article summarizes the aspects of crack shape and irregularity that are relevant to fatigue and fracture of surface cracks. It discusses the nature of three-dimensional surface cracks and variables that influence crack shape. These variables include the grain size, residual stresses, texture, loading mode, environment, and crack coalescence. Measurement of crack shapes or aspect ratios during fatigue crack growth can be performed by a number of techniques. The article describes the estimation of the stress-intensity factor for arbitrarily-shaped cracks and failure prediction methods for arbitrarily-shaped flaws.
Book Chapter
Fatigue Crack Growth under Variable-Amplitude Loading
Available to PurchaseBook: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002356
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract This article summarizes fatigue phenomena in metallic materials. It discusses fatigue under variable-amplitude (VA) loading, with emphasis on crack growth. The article presents the prediction models of crack initiation and crack growth under VA loading. It concludes with a discussion...
Abstract
This article summarizes fatigue phenomena in metallic materials. It discusses fatigue under variable-amplitude (VA) loading, with emphasis on crack growth. The article presents the prediction models of crack initiation and crack growth under VA loading. It concludes with a discussion on the conditions associated with engineering applications of VA loading.
Book Chapter
Fatigue Crack Growth Testing
Available to PurchaseBook: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002360
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract This article describes the fracture mechanics in fatigue. It discusses the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) testing that consists of several steps, beginning with selecting the specimen size, geometry, and crack length measurement technique. The two major aspects of FCGR test analysis...
Abstract
This article describes the fracture mechanics in fatigue. It discusses the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) testing that consists of several steps, beginning with selecting the specimen size, geometry, and crack length measurement technique. The two major aspects of FCGR test analysis are to ensure suitability of the test data and to calculate growth rates from the data. The article presents an analysis of the crack growth data. Optical, compliance, and electric potential difference are the most common laboratory techniques, and the article reviews their merits and limitations. Forced-displacement, forced-vibration, rotational-bending, resonance, and servomechanical systems for various loading conditions are also discussed.
Book Chapter
Fatigue Crack Growth Testing
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003317
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Abstract Testing and characterization of fatigue crack growth are used extensively to predict the rate at which subcritical cracks grow due to fatigue loading. ASTM standard E 647 is the accepted guideline for fatigue crack growth testing (FCGR) and is applicable to a wide variety of materials...
Abstract
Testing and characterization of fatigue crack growth are used extensively to predict the rate at which subcritical cracks grow due to fatigue loading. ASTM standard E 647 is the accepted guideline for fatigue crack growth testing (FCGR) and is applicable to a wide variety of materials and growth rates. The two most widely used types of specimens are the middle-crack tension and compact-type specimens. This article describes the factors affecting the selection of appropriate geometries of these specimens: consideration of material availability and raw form, desired loading condition, and equipment limitations. Various crack measurement techniques, including optical, ultrasonic, acoustic emission, electrical, and compliance methods, are also reviewed. The article discusses the two major aspects of FCGR test analysis: to ensure suitability of the test data and to calculate growth rates from the data.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0009217
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Abstract Fatigue crack growth rate testing and data analysis are performed to characterize the crack propagation resistance of material environment combinations in order to predict crack growth life under anticipated stress histories. This article presents analyses performed on the numerical...
Abstract
Fatigue crack growth rate testing and data analysis are performed to characterize the crack propagation resistance of material environment combinations in order to predict crack growth life under anticipated stress histories. This article presents analyses performed on the numerical output of crack growth rate tests, including the analysis framework for modeling fatigue crack growth rate data. It describes the numerical methods for calculating da/dN as a function of stress intensity factor. The article discusses the principles in fatigue crack growth damage analysis.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005419
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... Abstract Understanding fatigue crack growth is critical for the safe operation of many structural components. This article reviews the standard fracture mechanics and methods to determine the crack growth rate for a material and loading condition experimentally. It also addresses the two most...
Abstract
Understanding fatigue crack growth is critical for the safe operation of many structural components. This article reviews the standard fracture mechanics and methods to determine the crack growth rate for a material and loading condition experimentally. It also addresses the two most important aspects of crack-growth modeling: loading environment and crack geometry.
Book Chapter
Fatigue Crack Growth Markers to Aid Quantitative Fractography
Available to PurchaseBook: Fractography
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006877
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
...-surface markers to aid QF of fatigue crack growth (FCG). These methods are based on load changes, including reordering the basic load histories and/or adding loads to them. The article also provides some guidelines for obtaining recognizable FCG markers for a variety of load histories and crack-growth...
Abstract
This article discusses several examples of fatigue load histories that intentionally create artificial fracture-surface markings during testing such that they are measurable by post-test quantitative fractography (QF). It reviews a number of methods for providing fatigue fracture-surface markers to aid QF of fatigue crack growth (FCG). These methods are based on load changes, including reordering the basic load histories and/or adding loads to them. The article also provides some guidelines for obtaining recognizable FCG markers for a variety of load histories and crack-growth regimes for coupons, components, and, particularly, full-scale fatigue tests.
Image
Typical true scatter in fatigue crack growth. (a) Crack growth curves. (b) ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
Image
Example of subcritical crack growth plot for fatigue crack growth of a surf...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
Fig. 6 Example of subcritical crack growth plot for fatigue crack growth of a surface crack in quenched-and-tempered steel
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Effect of strength level on fatigue crack growth rates. Fatigue crack growt...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
Fig. 43 Effect of strength level on fatigue crack growth rates. Fatigue crack growth rate behavior of 9Ni-4Co-0.30C steel hardened and tempered to indicated strength levels. Source: Ref 60
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Influence of texture on fatigue crack growth in Ti-6Al-4V. Fatigue crack gr...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
Fig. 39 Influence of texture on fatigue crack growth in Ti-6Al-4V. Fatigue crack growth rates are higher when basal planes are loaded in tension. The elastic modulus in tension for the basal texture (B) is 109 GPa; for the transverse texture (T), 126 GPa. The yield stress is roughly 1150 MPa
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(a) Comparison of creep-fatigue crack growth rates with fatigue crack growt...
Available to Purchase
in Elevated-Temperature Life Assessment for Turbine Components, Piping, and Tubing
> Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 39 (a) Comparison of creep-fatigue crack growth rates with fatigue crack growth plotted as a function of Δ K . (b) The effect of hold time estimated for engineering structures when the creep crack growth rate is plotted as a function of ( C t ) avg
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Image
Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 7 Cyclic fatigue crack growth behavior, in terms of growth rates per cycle, da / dN , as a function of the stress intensity range, Δ K , for MgO-PSZ, subeutectoid aged to a range of K c toughnesses from 2.9 to 15.5 MPa m . Data were obtained on C(T) samples in a room-air
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Image
Pippan data for fatigue crack growth rate as a function of crack length and...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
Fig. 6 Pippan data for fatigue crack growth rate as a function of crack length and R in Armco iron. Solid lines represent the experimental findings of Pippan ( Ref 8 ). Dashed lines are predicted values (A. McEvily and Z. Yang, Met. Trans. , Vol 22A, 1991, p 1079). (a) Δ K = 16 MPa m
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Image
Published: 01 January 2000
Fig. 1 Fatigue crack growth rate test specimens; a , crack length, a n , notch length, B , thickness, D , diameter, W , width, W 1 , length, W 2 , notch-to-diameter width, W 3 , notch-to-outside width. (a) Compact-type specimen. (b) Center-cracked tension specimen
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Image
Stages of fatigue crack growth. Stage I includes crack initiation and can a...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 June 2024
Fig. 13 Stages of fatigue crack growth. Stage I includes crack initiation and can account for up to 90% of the fatigue crack life. Stage II is the striation-growth regions, and stage III includes the transition to overload fracture. Adapted from Ref 46
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Schematic fatigue crack-growth curve showing the three stages of long crack...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 June 2024
Fig. 16 Schematic fatigue crack-growth curve showing the three stages of long crack growth and the small-crack regime where there is strong microstructural influence that leads to accelerated crack-growth rates. Adapted from Ref 40
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T7451 fatigue crack-growth chart. Tested using center crack tension (CCT) c...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 June 2019
Fig. 1 T7451 fatigue crack-growth chart. Tested using center crack tension (CCT) coupons according to ASTM E 647. Typical L-T orientation fatigue crack-growth curves shown for 100-mm (4-in.) thick plate product. Source: Ref 3
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Effect of temperature on fatigue crack growth rate. Variations in fatigue c...
Available to Purchase
in Elevated-Temperature Properties of Ferritic Steels
> Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 55 Effect of temperature on fatigue crack growth rate. Variations in fatigue crack growth rate with test temperature for specimens of 2 1 4 Cr-1Mo steel tested in air. Stress ratio was 0.05; cyclic frequency was 400 per minute. Source: Ref 85
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Image
Noninteraction fatigue crack growth and fatigue damage in Hi-Lo and Lo-Hi t...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1996
Fig. 42 Noninteraction fatigue crack growth and fatigue damage in Hi-Lo and Lo-Hi tests. D = ( a − a 0 ) / ( a f − a 0 ). (a) Hi-Lo. (b) Hi-Lo. N predicted = n 1 + n 2 . (c) Hi-Lo. Σ n / N < 1. (d) Lo-Hi. Σ n / N > 1.
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