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Published: 01 January 2000
Fig. 6 Select blocked factorial plans. For use when factorial experiment must be subdivided into homogeneous groups More
Book Chapter

By Mary G. Natrella
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0009214
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... the experimenter varies the parameters, or factors, under study and then observes the effects of this action. These include factorial experiments, blocked factorial experiments, and fractional factorial experiments. The article describes the estimation of experimental errors and provides information on randomized...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003640
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
..., metal composition and metallurgical conditions, test specimen preparation, and corrosion damage assessment. It describes a strategy for planning the design of controlled and uncontrolled factorial experiments. The article contains a table that lists the elements of an iterative process...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0009215
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Abstract This article describes methods that are oriented toward the analysis of planned cooperative experiments that involve multiple factors, blocks, and/or treatment levels. The experiments include factorial, fractional factorial, randomized block, and incomplete block experiments...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005534
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... that influence the accuracy of the results. A design of experiments (DOE) represents a sequence of experiments to be performed, expressed in terms of factors set at specified levels. The article discusses the two types of DOEs: the full factorial design and the fractional factorial design. It explains...
Book Chapter

By Stuart Keeler
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005152
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
..., and experimental design, including single-variable studies, multivariable studies, and Taguchi experiments. control charts sheet metal forming statistical process control statistics STATISTICS are extremely important tools in the operation of press shops, providing numerical process analysis...
Book Chapter

By Stéphane Guillard, Koushik Ray
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0009013
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... in this article). A simple, yet effective, technique is called factorial design of experiments. Often, the process parameters that can affect the quality of the product are known, but the relative importance is not clear. A sensitivity analysis is then needed, and factorial design of experiments aids...
Book Chapter

By Charles O. Smith
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002432
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... because there is no indication of any effect of interaction between two or more factors. Factorial experiments can be used to estimate the main (direct) effect of each “stress,” interactions between two (or more) stresses, and experimental error ( Ref 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ). Related information...
Book Chapter

By Don Clausing
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002429
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... and the flattening-process inventor) went to a production rolling mill (factory) to plan production trials, they were rebuffed. “Run armor plate through our rolling mill—no way!” The mill operators were of course accustomed to rolling soft steel. Armor plate seemed out of bounds to them. The production-operations...
Book Chapter

By Michael Sprayberry, Michael Kirka, Vincent Paquit
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006994
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
..., it is assumed that phase one of the optimization problem has already been completed and that phase two, or response objective optimization, is occurring. Parametric studies were conducted in AM using the design-of-experiment methods that included full factorial design, Taguchi, partial factorial design...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005725
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... coatings are fabricated by combining equipment (spray guns, process controls, manipulators, etc.), feedstock materials (powders, wires, or rods), and engineering and process know-how (experience). Only when all components of the spray process are used correctly does a well-designed coating result...
Book Chapter

By Emory W. Zimmers, Jr.
Book: Machining
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 16
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v16.a0002176
EISBN: 978-1-62708-188-7
..., and the entire process is repeated. With the availability of more local computing capability and with improvements in networking, use of these techniques has increased at the factory level. When this occurs, more precise calculations are substituted for intuition and trial and error approximations...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003088
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
.... Univariate testing (one parameter at a time) for environmental factors is not always useful because there is no indication of any effect of interaction between two or more factors. Factorial experiments can be used to estimate the main (direct) effect of each “stress,” interactions between two (or more...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006803
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... is the resulting fitted distribution using a normal assumption. Fig. 1 First sample of ten experiments The process of fitting consists of taking the observations and estimating the parameters of a selected named distribution via a chosen method (such as least squares, moment matching, maximum...
Book Chapter

By Richard C. Rice
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0009212
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... specific types of experimental designs, ranging from very simple two-level factorial designs to more complex experimental designs involving multiple levels, randomized blocks and partial factorial procedures. The third article, “Analysis of Designed Experiments,” addresses some of the basic...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004022
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... of variance (ANOVA) with orthogonal arrays (OAs) may be used to rank the importance of independent variables—OAs are used for design of a fractional factorial experiment (FFE). Analysis of variance finds the ability of each variable to change the outcome within the FFE. It is not unusual to find that 80...
Book Chapter

By Preston G. Smith
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002428
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... coverage on alternative roles for specialists, such as materials engineers or scientists, whose expertise is essential to the success of the project. The article discusses the types of teams exhibiting certain characteristics in the sales, accounting, and research departments and from the factory floor...
Book Chapter

By Lance A. Ealey
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002435
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... engineers and scientists to reduce product or process performance variability while simultaneously guiding that performance toward the best possible level. The techniques, which are useful across a spectrum from the research laboratory to the factory floor and beyond, have been developed and refined by Dr...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005272
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... slurry (typically, 50% liquid/50% solid instead of fully liquid metal) is injected into a die cavity to form a die-cast type of component. The origin of SSM can be traced to experiments conducted by David Spencer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1971 as part of his doctoral thesis...
Book Chapter

By Mark T. MacLean-Blevins
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006868
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... current resources who have similar experience until the actual resources have been determined. Sometimes this comes at a cost, such as a retainer for services. However, having the resources with the necessary experience present for discussions early on has been proven to provide benefit for project...