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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006489
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... Abstract Etching aluminum can be a pretreatment step for anodizing, chemical conversion coating, metal-to-rubber bonding, and a host of other processes. Chemical etching, using either alkaline or acid solutions, produces a matte finish on aluminum products. This article describes the alkaline...
Abstract
Etching aluminum can be a pretreatment step for anodizing, chemical conversion coating, metal-to-rubber bonding, and a host of other processes. Chemical etching, using either alkaline or acid solutions, produces a matte finish on aluminum products. This article describes the alkaline etching and acid etching of aluminum. Alkaline etching reduces or eliminates surface scratches, nicks, extrusion die lines, and other imperfections. Acid etching can be done without heavy smut problems, particularly on aluminum die castings. Hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, nitric, phosphoric, chromic, and sulfuric acids are used in acid etching. The article presents a flow chart of the operations used in acid etching.
Book Chapter
Contrast Enhancement and Etching
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003749
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Abstract Metallographic contrasting methods include various electrochemical, optical, and physical etching techniques, which in turn are enhanced by the formation of a thin transparent film on the specimen surface. This article primarily discusses etching in conjunction with light microscopy...
Abstract
Metallographic contrasting methods include various electrochemical, optical, and physical etching techniques, which in turn are enhanced by the formation of a thin transparent film on the specimen surface. This article primarily discusses etching in conjunction with light microscopy and describes several methods for film formation, namely, heat tinting, color etching, anodizing, potentiostatic etching, vapor deposition, and film deposition by sputtering. It provides information on the general procedures and precautions for etchants and reagents used in metallographic microetching, macroetching, electropolishing, chemical polishing, and other similar operations.
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Published: 01 January 1994
Fig. 2 Operations used in etching of aluminum and aluminum alloys
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Aspects of wafer fabrication and metal etching. (a) Operator with supercarr...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2006
Fig. 4 Aspects of wafer fabrication and metal etching. (a) Operator with supercarrier and boat fixtures. (b) Diagram of etcher-system components. (c) SEM image of a metal-etch feature
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Typical shapes of proeutectoid ferrite (the light-etching phase) in the gra...
Available to Purchase
in Physical Metallurgy Concepts in Interpretation of Microstructures
> Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 45 Typical shapes of proeutectoid ferrite (the light-etching phase) in the grain boundaries (A), protruding into the grain interiors as needlelike (acicular) features (B), and chunky form at triple points (C). 5% nital etch. Original magnification 500×
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Individual dislocations (revealed by careful etching) that comprise a subbo...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 3 Individual dislocations (revealed by careful etching) that comprise a subboundary in germanium. HNO 3 -acetic-HF-bromine. 1500×. Courtesy of W.G. Pfann
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Eutectic grain structure in flake graphite cast iron. Etching in Stead's re...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 15 Eutectic grain structure in flake graphite cast iron. Etching in Stead's reagent for 2.5 h (a) reveals coarse grains, for 1.5 h (b) shows fine grains. Magnification: 14×. Source: Ref 11
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Basic graphite shapes in commercial cast iron obtained by deep etching (a) ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 21 Basic graphite shapes in commercial cast iron obtained by deep etching (a) and (b) or extraction through matrix dissolution (c). Source: Ref 15
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Outlining of grains using chemical etching. Etchant: modified Poulton reage...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 13 Outlining of grains using chemical etching. Etchant: modified Poulton reagent (60% HCl, 30% HNO 3 5% HF, 5% H 2 O)
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Outlining of grains using thermal etching. Samples held for 1 h at 590 °C (...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 14 Outlining of grains using thermal etching. Samples held for 1 h at 590 °C (1095 °F), then quenched in cold water and dried
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Microstructure with retained austenite (light-etching phase here) with its ...
Available to Purchase
in Physical Metallurgy Concepts in Interpretation of Microstructures
> Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 31 Microstructure with retained austenite (light-etching phase here) with its distinctive sharp corners. 5% nital etch. Original magnification 1000×
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Effect of polishing damage on response to etching for annealed 70-30 brass....
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 14 Effect of polishing damage on response to etching for annealed 70-30 brass. (a) Taper section (horizontal magnification 2000×, vertical magnification 21,800×) of surface layers that were polished on 1 μm diamond abrasive. (b) Results of etching immediately after polishing on a 1 μm
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Effect of incremental increases in etching time on appearance (a) and (b) a...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 15 Effect of incremental increases in etching time on appearance (a) and (b) and disappearance (c) of scratches on a specimen of annealed 70-30 brass that was polished on fine Al 2 O 3 . (c) Longer etching time removes scratches and the damaged layer. Aqueous FeCl 3 . 250×
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 6 Basic laboratory setup for electropolishing and electrolytic etching
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Alpha brass (Cu-30Zn) cold worked and annealed. Color etching with Klemm's ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 6 Alpha brass (Cu-30Zn) cold worked and annealed. Color etching with Klemm's I reagent, which required approximately 1 h, revealed all the grains and annealing twins. 100×. (G.F. Vander Voort)
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 25 Basic laboratory setup for electrolytic etching and polishing
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Color etching (10% aqueous Na 2 S 2 O 5 ) revealed the lath martensite pack...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2004
Fig. 25 Color etching (10% aqueous Na 2 S 2 O 5 ) revealed the lath martensite packet size of AF 1410 ultrahigh-strength steel that was heat treated (austenitized at 900 °C, or 1650 °F, water quenched, and tempered at 675 °C, or 1250 °F). Polarized light illumination. 100×. (G.F. Vander Voort)
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