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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003764
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Abstract This article is a comprehensive collection of tables listing: dangerous reactions of chemicals and designations of etchants; chemical-polishing solutions for irons and steels and nonferrous materials; attack-polishing solutions, macrostructure etchants for iron and steel; and major...
Abstract
This article is a comprehensive collection of tables listing: dangerous reactions of chemicals and designations of etchants; chemical-polishing solutions for irons and steels and nonferrous materials; attack-polishing solutions, macrostructure etchants for iron and steel; and major microstructure etchants for common phases and constituents in ferrous materials.
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 12 The effects of different etchants on solution-annealed and aged alloy X-750. (a) Etched using glyceregia. Original magnification 100×. (b) Etched using Kalling's reagent 2. Original magnification 100×. (c) Etched using Marble's reagent. 100×. (d) Etched using aqua regia. 100× (e
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 7 Carbide appearance with nital and picral etchants. (a) 9310 steel normalized by austenitizing 2 h at 885 °C (1625 °F) and cooled slowly in the furnace. Structure consists of scattered carbide particles (dark) in a ferrite matrix (light). 3% nital etch. 500×. (b) Same steel
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 39 Results from different etchants in specimen preparation of 18% Ni maraging steel (300 CVM). Solution treated 1 h at 815 °C (1500 °F), surface activated, and gas nitrided 24 h at 440 °C (825 °F). (a) Etched with nital, but this etchant does not clearly reveal the nitrided microstructure
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006351
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... producing better, more consistent results. Recommended procedures to prepare cast irons and examples of high-alloy cast iron microstructures revealed using a variety of etchants are presented. Several etchants are used to reveal the matrix microstructure, depending on the alloy content. The article...
Abstract
This article describes two contemporary approaches for preparing cast iron specimens with a wide range of phases and constituents as well as different graphite morphologies. It introduces concepts and preparation materials that enable metallographers to shorten the process while producing better, more consistent results. Recommended procedures to prepare cast irons and examples of high-alloy cast iron microstructures revealed using a variety of etchants are presented. Several etchants are used to reveal the matrix microstructure, depending on the alloy content. The article discusses the use of black and white etchants and lists the compositions of abrasion-resistant cast irons according to ASTM A532/A532M in a table.
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Published: 01 January 1986
Fig. 10 Influence of etch time on measurement of ferrite grain size. Etchant: 2% nital
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 14 Light micrograph showing stain (arrows pointing up) from the etchant (Vilella's reagent) that seeped from the shrinkage gap (wide arrows pointing down) between the phenolic resin mount and the specimen of M2 high-speed steel
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 31 Slag in steel metal. (a) Oblong. Etchant, 2% nital. 165×. (b) Lamellar. Etchant, 2% nital. 165×. (c) Jagged irregular. Fatigue fractograph as-is. ∼15×
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 36 Pulsed GMAW spot weld showing a lack of fill-in. Etchant, 50% nitric-50% acetic acid. 4×
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 48 Micrograph of weld metal microcrack. Etchant, 2% nital. 215×
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Published: 01 January 1989
Fig. 7 Surface finish improvement produced by TEA etchant. The initial surface was produced with a standard etchant.
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Published: 01 January 1989
Fig. 8 Comparison of surface finishes produced by standard aluminum etchant and by TEA etchant. Material: 7075-T6 as received from mill
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 2 Macrostructure of a cast Ti-6Al-4V alloy specimen. Etchant: Keller's reagent
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 3 Cast aluminum-silicon alloy. Etchant: 60% HCl, 30% HNO 3 , 5%HF, 5%H 2 O
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 20 Secondary electron micrograph of Cu-10Co (at.%) alloy casting. Etchant not reported. Magnification: 150×. Source: Ref 7
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 24 Ni-25Cu (at.%) alloy. Etchant: 70 mL HNO 3 and 30 mL H 2 O. Magnification: 10×. Source: Ref 7
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 25 12 Ni-25Cu (at.%) alloy. Etchant: 70 mL HNO 3 and 30 mL H 2 O. Magnification: 175×. Courtesy of C. Brady. Source: Ref 7
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 44 Colony structure of a directionally solidified lamellar eutectic. Etchant not reported. Magnification: 200×. Source: Ref 24
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 16 Eutectic grains in inoculated flake graphite iron (class 30). Etchant: Stead's reagent. Courtesy of K. Mikkola, Michigan Technological University
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 13 Outlining of grains using chemical etching. Etchant: modified Poulton reagent (60% HCl, 30% HNO 3 5% HF, 5% H 2 O)
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