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environmentally assisted crack initiation

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006843
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... of fracture surfaces are described and illustrated for the important types of fracture mechanisms. It provides a detailed discussion on environmentally assisted crack initiation and growth. environmentally assisted crack growth environmentally assisted crack initiation fatigue fracture fracture...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002362
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... and role of environmentally assisted crack growth in corrosion fatigue. It also discusses the fatigue test methods, including crack initiation testing and crack propagation testing. The article describes the specific types and influence rankings of experimental variables in corrosion fatigue...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003632
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... of the environmentally induced fractures that were previously termed liquid-metal embrittlement are now considered solid metal induced embrittlement. Because satisfactory mechanistic models have not been developed for any of these forms of environmental cracking, the prediction of environmentally assisted cracking...
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 3 Potential ranges of environmentally assisted cracking by (I) hydrogen embrittlement, (II) cracking of unstable passive film, and (III) cracking initiated at pits near the pitting potential. Vertical dashed lines define potential range over which nonpassivating films may crack under More
Image
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 3 Potential ranges of environmentally assisted cracking by (I) hydrogen embrittlement, (II) cracking of unstable passive film, and (III) cracking initiated at pits near the pitting potential. Vertical dashed lines define potential range over which nonpassivating films may crack under More
Image
Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 57 Secondary electron SEM fractograph of the fracture surface near the origin in API 5LX X52 transmission pipeline steel. The fracture initiated as environmentally assisted cracking and then transitioned to corrosion fatigue. Fine crack-arrest features were observed within approximately More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004145
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract This article focuses on the environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) of structural materials in boiling water reactors (BWRs), reactor pressure vessels, core internals, and ancillary piping. It discusses the effects of water chemistry on materials degradation, mitigation approaches...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003309
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... on the environmentally assisted crack growth of polymers is also included. The article details the evaluation of nanoscale environmental effects and indentation-induced cohesive cracking. It also provides information on scanning probe microscopy. hydrogen embrittlement stress-corrosion cracking corrosion fatigue...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007032
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... Abstract Stainless steel alloys have many unique failure mechanisms, including environmentally assisted cracking, cracking associated with welding, and secondary phase embrittlement. This article describes these failure mechanisms and the fracture modes associated with the different categories...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004147
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... environment and stress/strain conditions also strongly influence observed cracking. While some investigators have observed limited intergranular cracking in inert environments, it is clear that the IASCC observations in the laboratory and in plants can only be accounted for by an environmentally assisted...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003633
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... propagation, and the nature of the interactions that result in this phenomenon. The term stress-corrosion cracking is used frequently to describe any type of environmentally induced or assisted crack propagation. However, in this discussion, the focus is on the normal usage of the term as defined...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002361
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... adsorb to the clean metal surfaces and have the potential to reduce surface energy to a greater extent than hydrogen. Yet, neither oxygen nor nitrogen accelerates crack growth rates like hydrogen does. Hydride Mechanism Many metals that are susceptible to environmentally assisted cracking are also...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001477
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... that are considerably less than the maximum inspection interval is that it provides the operator with an opportunity to evaluate the validity of the assessment and the initial assumptions. Environmental Cracking Environmentally assisted cracking is common in the refining and power-generation industries where...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007036
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... Abstract In this article, a basic summary of fracture mechanisms in carbon and alloy steels is presented, along with numerous examples of these fractures. These examples include ductile fracture, brittle cleavage fracture, intergranular fracture, fatigue fracture, and environmentally assisted...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006323
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... with a description of fractographic analyses for identifying the direction of propagation of a crack. cleavage fracture crack propagation dimple rupture environmentally assisted fracture fatigue fracture fractography fracture analysis fracture modes intergranular fracture THE TECHNOLOGY involved...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002471
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
.... The article explains the specific forms of corrosion, including general corrosion, localized attack, and environmentally assisted cracking. It provides a discussion on the engineering aspects of design that can, without due care and attention, precipitate unexpected premature failure. The article reviews ways...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005342
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... magnification: 500×. Courtesy of Stork Technimet, Inc. New Berlin, WI Fig. 14 Fatigue fracture through a type 356.0 aluminum alloy in the T6 condition. Original magnification: 5000×. Courtesy of Stork Technimet, Inc. New Berlin, WI Environmentally Induced Fracture Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003631
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
..., cavitation and water drop impingement, and corrosion fatigue. It describes the factors affecting the severity of fretting corrosion. The article also illustrates the relationship between corrosion fatigue and stress-corrosion cracking. mechanically assisted degradation corrosion wear fatigue...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005411
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... that the environmental effect is only pronounced for the fatigue crack initiation stage and does not increase the fatigue crack growth rate at elevated temperature because, as he states, “at high temperature, when oxidation occurs at the tip of the crack, the environment is effectively excluded when the small strain...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006946
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... of these cases, the discontinuity is a physical feature that originates during a step in the processing history of the material or component. It is unlikely that discontinuities will dictate the fracture mechanism. Instead, they may act as sites of stress concentrations that facilitate crack initiation...