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environment-assisted cracking tests

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005683
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... current density determination by Tafel extrapolation, potentiodynamic measurement of the polarization resistance, electrochemical impedance measurement, and potentiostatic deaeration. Tests combining corrosion and mechanical forces, such as fretting corrosion tests, environment-assisted cracking tests...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002361
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... , 1952 , p 99 10.6028/jres.048.013 3. Cullen W. , Gabetta G. , and Hanninen H. , “A Review of the Models and Mechanisms for the Environmentally-Assisted Crack Growth of Pressure Vessel and Piping Steels in PWR Environments,” NUREG/CR-4422 MEA-2078, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002362
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... and role of environmentally assisted crack growth in corrosion fatigue. It also discusses the fatigue test methods, including crack initiation testing and crack propagation testing. The article describes the specific types and influence rankings of experimental variables in corrosion fatigue...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003632
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Abstract This article discusses the fundamental aspects of environmentally induced cracking. It provides a theoretical basis for the evaluation, testing, and methods of protection against the cracking. The article describes the mechanisms of corrosion that produce cracking of metals...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003309
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... included. In general, the test results of environmentally assisted cracking can be influenced by a wide range of variables, such as those listed in Table 1 . In addition, because of the large contribution of environment to crack advance, attention to experimental detail is often critical. Unless...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006942
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... environmental chemical or stress-cracking agent Fracture or crazing due to an external chemical or stress-cracking agent May occur due to high level of internal stress or to externally applied stress Fatigue Fracture due to repeated application of tensile, flexural, or shear stress...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003631
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... influences corrosion fatigue crack propagation rates in aqueous environments. Controlled changes in the potential of a specimen can result in either the complete elimination or the dramatic enhancement of brittle fatigue cracking. The precise influence depends on the mechanism of the environmental effect...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003633
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... rupture Fig. 4 Schematic of crack tip processes that may be the rate-determining step in environmentally assisted crack propagation Changes in the environment that modify the rate-determining step will have a dramatic influence on the rate of crack propagation, while alterations to factors...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004145
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... or reducing the severity of the corrosive environment below some “threshold” criterion Fig. 4 Materials, stress, and environmental parameters relevant to environmentally assisted cracking in BWRs. NDT, non destructive testing. Source: Ref 38 Fig. 5 The three conjoint factors necessary...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004221
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
.... Courtesy of Paul Powers, GE Inspection. See the article “Effects of Process and Environmental Variables” in this Volume. Art and Artifacts The apparently mild environments in which art is located provides striking forms of corrosion. The museum atmosphere causes corrosion damage and added...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003668
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... of structural components. In corrosive environments, susceptible materials can fail even more quickly due to corrosion fatigue. Corrosion-fatigue cracking (CFC) is not limited to certain metallurgical conditions of the metal or to critical environmental species, as are other forms of environmentally assisted...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0000616
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
... failure mode. SEM, 95×. Fig. 830 : Fracture surface of samples tested in hydrogen. 4.6×. Fig. 831 : Higher-magnification view of fracture surface in Fig. 830 . Note brittle cyrstallographic cracking. SEM, 95× (R.J. Schwinghamer, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center) Fig. 828 Fig. 829...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003666
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... and its subsequent absorption into the metal lattice. Figure 2 also suggests the relative influences of the electrochemical and mechanical driving forces in the SCC process. The role of stress is negligible at first and then becomes dominant as subcritical cracking advances. Environmental action...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003667
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... specimen of a rectangular cross section is subjected to a bending load via a moment arm. A precrack at the root of the V-notch is initiated and extended by fatigue before testing. The area with the precrack is enclosed by an environmental chamber, which contains the environment during the test ( Fig. 1a...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004149
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
...), that their use now appears feasible. When a copper container is buried in a mostly reducing environment, the metal will initially be in contact with oxygen, until the oxygen is fully consumed, for example by corrosion ( Ref 31 , Ref 32 , Ref 33 ). It is known that copper may suffer environmentally assisted...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003521
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... an intergranular crack surface at the trailing edge ( Fig. 2 ). Comparison with an atlas of fracture features taken from earlier mechanical test specimens eliminated high-cycle fatigue (HCF) as the failure mechanism, because HCF cracking exhibits transgranular fracture features. The fracture features appeared...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004147
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... environment and stress/strain conditions also strongly influence observed cracking. While some investigators have observed limited intergranular cracking in inert environments, it is clear that the IASCC observations in the laboratory and in plants can only be accounted for by an environmentally assisted...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006756
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... features listed in Table 1 will always be present or identifiable in a particular case for a given damage mode. For example, rubbing, erosion, and impact damage can obscure fracture features. Environmental corrosion attack can destroy evidence of a specific damage mechanism, while elevated-temperature...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003243
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
..., depending on the particular combination of microstructure, environment, and strain rate. However, it is more difficult to design against environmentally assisted cracking than against fracture. Reasons for this difficulty include the compositional, mechanical, and metallurgical synergism and the consequent...
Book Chapter