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electroslag welds
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005591
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... Abstract Electroslag welding (ESW) involves high energy input relative to other welding processes, resulting generally in inferior mechanical properties and specifically in lower toughness of the heat-affected zone. Electrogas welding (EGW) is a method of gas metal or flux cored arc welding...
Abstract
Electroslag welding (ESW) involves high energy input relative to other welding processes, resulting generally in inferior mechanical properties and specifically in lower toughness of the heat-affected zone. Electrogas welding (EGW) is a method of gas metal or flux cored arc welding, wherein an external gas is supplied to shield the arc, and molding shoes are used to confine the molten weld metal for vertical-position welding. This article describes the fundamentals, temperature relations, consumables, metallurgical and chemical reactions, and process development of ESW. The problems, quality control, and process applications of ESW and EGW are also discussed.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001371
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Electroslag welding (ESW) and electrogas welding (EGW) are two related procedures that are used to weld thick-section materials in the vertical or near-vertical position between retaining shoes. This article discusses the fundamentals of the electroslag process in terms of heat flow...
Abstract
Electroslag welding (ESW) and electrogas welding (EGW) are two related procedures that are used to weld thick-section materials in the vertical or near-vertical position between retaining shoes. This article discusses the fundamentals of the electroslag process in terms of heat flow conditions and metal transfer and weld pool morphology. It presents constitutive equations for welding current, voltage, and travel rate for ESW. The article describes the metallurgical and chemical reactions in terms of fusion zone compositional effects, weld metal inclusions, solidification structure, and solid-state transformations. It describes the electroslag process development and the applications of electroslag and electrogas processes. The article concludes with a discussion on weld defects, such as temper embrittlement, hydrogen cracking, and weld distortion.
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 1 Typical thermal cycle of an electroslag weld bath relative to that of an arc welding pool
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 5 Isometric three-dimensional temperature distribution in an electroslag weldment allowing improved visualization of the temperature profile. Source: Ref 5
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 6 Wire spacing diagram for multiple-electrode electroslag welding incorporating oscillation for better energy distribution across the thickness of the weldment. Source: Ref 6
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 10 Operating parameter window for electroslag welding. Boundary A represents the voltage threshold for parent plate fusion at low power inputs. Boundary B represents the constitutive equation for adequate penetration at high power levels. Boundary C represents the maximum power output
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 15 Selected electrodes and guides (nozzles) used in electroslag welding. (a) Single flux-covered tube. (b) Cluster of rods taped together. (c) Flux-covered wing nozzle. (d) Flux-covered wing or web nozzle with two tubes
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 16 Electroslag weld-metal solidification structure according to the variation of the orientation and the thickness of the columnar grains zone. (a) Group 1. (b) Group 2. (c) Group 3. (d) Group 4. See text for details. Source: Ref 3
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 18 Schematic of electroslag welding process using separate filler wire to increase deposition rate and absorb excess thermal energy in molten metal bath. Source: Ref 28
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 22 Application of electroslag welding to incorporate penetrating members such as nozzles onto thick-wall pressure vessels. Source: Ref 38
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Published: 01 January 1993
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Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 5 Isometric three-dimensional temperature distribution in an electroslag weldment allowing improved visualization of the temperature profile. Source: Ref 5
More
Image
Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 6 Wire spacing diagram for multiple-electrode electroslag welding incorporating oscillation for better energy distribution across the thickness of the weldment. Source: Ref 6
More
Image
Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 10 Operating parameter window for electroslag welding. Boundary A represents the voltage threshold for parent plate fusion at low-power inputs. Boundary B represents the constitutive equation for adequate penetration at high power levels. Boundary C represents the maximum power output
More
Image
Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 11 Selected electrodes and guides (nozzles) used in electroslag welding. (a) Single flux-covered tube. (b) Cluster of rods taped together. (c) Flux-covered wing nozzle. (d) Flux-covered wing or web nozzle with two tubes
More
Image
Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 12 Electroslag weld metal solidification structure according to the variation of the orientation and the thickness of the columnar grains zone. (a) Group 1. (b) Group 2. (c) Group 3. (d) Group 4. See text for details. Source: Ref 3
More
Image
Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 14 Schematic of electroslag welding process using separate filler wire to increase deposition rate and absorb excess thermal energy in molten metal bath. Source: Ref 28
More
Image
Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 16 Application of electroslag welding to incorporate penetrating members such as nozzles onto thick-wall pressure vessels. Source: Ref 39
More
Image
Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 10 Schematic illustration of the electroslag welding process used for heavy deposition welding in position or in a vertical plane using special tooling (as shown). Source: Ref 2
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001432
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
..., electrogas welding, electroslag welding, and stud arc welding. arc welding carbon steel electrogas welding electroslag welding flux-cored arc welding gas-metal arc welding gas-tungsten arc welding heat-affected zone hydrogen-induced cracking lamellar tearing mechanical properties plasma arc...
Abstract
This article discusses the susceptibility of carbon steels to hydrogen-induced cracking, solidification cracking, lamellar tearing, weld metal porosity, and heat-affected zone (HAZ) mechanical property variations. The composition and mechanical properties of selected carbon steels used in arc welding applications are listed in a table. The article presents process selection guidelines for arc welding carbon steels. It provides information on the shielded metal arc welding, gas-metal arc welding, and flux-cored arc welding, gas-tungsten arc and plasma arc welding, submerged arc welding, electrogas welding, electroslag welding, and stud arc welding.
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