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Book Chapter

By Dan Grice
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006876
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... of component material(s); and qualitative or semiquantitative analysis of deposits or corrosion products on or near fracture surfaces. fractography fracture mechanisms fracture surfaces scanning electron microscopy FRACTURE SURFACES have been studied qualitatively for hundreds of years. One...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006872
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... Abstract This article reviews the historical development of fractography, from the early studies of fracture appearance dating back to the sixteenth century, and including the development of microfractography in the middle of the 20th century, to the current state-of-the-art work in electron...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0001830
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
... dating back to the sixteenth century to the state-of-the-art work in electron fractography and quantitative fractography. It also describes the applications and limitations of scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. electron fractography fractography microfractography...
Book Chapter

By Barbara L. Gabriel
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0001835
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
... Abstract Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has unique capabilities for analyzing fracture surfaces. This article discusses the basic principles and practice of SEM, with an emphasis on its applications in fractography. The topics include an introduction to SEM instrumentation, imaging...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0001832
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
... demagnetization if scanning is to be done at magnification above about 500×. References References 1. Zipp R.D. , Preservation and Cleaning of Fractures for Fractography , Scan. Elec. Microsc. , No. 1 , 1979 , p 355 – 362 2. Phillips A. et al. , Electron Fractography Handbook...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006769
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... should be given the opportunity to examine the specimen before it is prepared for examination in the SEM or altered in any other way. Application of Scanning Electron Microscope in Fractography Fractography is one of the most common applications of SEM. The large depth of focus, the possibility...
Book Chapter

By Arun M. Gokhale
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003536
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... that are based on fracture profilometry. This is followed by a section describing the methods based on scanning electron microscope fractography. The article also addresses procedures for three-dimensional fracture surface reconstruction. In each case, sufficient methodological details, governing equations...
Book Chapter

By Brett Miller, Phillip Swartzentruber
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006874
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... be varied to increase the relative number of cycles to failure, permitting statistical analysis. Scanning electron microscope fractography is typically only available at the university level, but the expected morphology would be dimpled rupture with substantial plastic deformation. Stress Rupture...
Book Chapter

By L.S. Chumbley, L.D. Hanke
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003533
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... discussed. display equipment electron optical column fractography microstructure sample preparation scanning electron microscopy signal detection vacuum system THE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM) is one of the most versatile instruments for investigating the microstructure of metallic...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003720
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
..., and fatigue fracture with illustrations. It discusses microanalysis with a focus on the method of light microscopy and includes information of scanning electron microscope in fractography. The article also explains the characteristics of solidification, transformation, deformation structures...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003226
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... fracture information contained in optical and scanning-electron microscope fractographs. fractography fracture surface preparation light microscopy optical fractographs scanning-electron microscope fractographs FRACTOGRAPHY is the term coined in 1944 to describe the science of studying...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007033
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... Abstract The development of quantitative fractography (QF) parameters basically requires topological data of a fracture surface that can be derived from the stereological analysis of multiple projected scanning electron microscope (SEM) images; the profilometry-based techniques that measure...
Book Chapter

By Jericho Moll, Corissa Lee
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006947
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... environmental stress cracking fatigue fracture fractography fracture surfaces optical microscopes polymers scanning electron microscopes ONE OF THE COMMONLY UTILIZED SKILLS in failure analysis is fracture-surface analysis, often referred to as fractography. Studying the characteristic features...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007030
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... Abstract Solder cracking is one of the dominant failure modes of the electronic assembly system. Experience shows that solder joints can fail due to processing defects during solder joint formation or due to excessive loading in various applications. This article introduces major fractography...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006880
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... Abstract Fractography is the means and methods for characterizing a fractured specimen or component. This includes the examination of fracture-exposed surfaces and the interpretation of the fracture markings, and the examination and interpretation of crack patterns. This article deals primarily...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007040
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... rights reserved www.asminternational.org Abbreviations and Symbols Fractography a crack length; crystal lattice length along the a axis A ampere A area; ratio of the alternating stress amplitude of the mean stress A angstrom ac alternating current AES Auger electron spectroscopy AIME American Institute...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006945
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... the list of acronyms in Table 1 ). Typically, fractures were examined optically at low-to-moderate magnifications and, if necessary, further examined in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) or transmission electron microscope (TEM) using replicas, although by 1987 TEM use for fractography had fallen off...
Image
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 14 (a) Brittle fisheyes appear as bright spots in gray ductile matrix. Original magnification: 1.7×. (b) Mixed-mode fracture in as-welded three-point bend-test specimen at room temperature (scanning electron microscope). Optical fractography. Original magnification: 1500× More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007038
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... Toughness and Surface Topography in Ultrahigh Strength Steels , Electron Fractography , STP 436, American Society for Testing and Materials , 1968 , p 17 10.1520/STP32000S 15. Jacoby G. , “ Application of Microfractography to the Study of Crack Propagation under Fatigue Stresses ,” NATO...
Book Chapter

By Ronald J. Parrington
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006776
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... of materials since the 1950s, and scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) have been commercially available since 1965 ( Ref 23 ). Today (2020), the SEM is standard equipment for any laboratory performing failure analysis and fractography. The SEM offers significantly superior resolution and depth of field...